Liquid dispensing units

ABSTRACT

A soap dispenser can be configured to dispense an amount of liquid soap, for example, upon detecting the presence of an object. Certain embodiments of the dispenser include a housing, reservoir, pump, motor, sensor, electronic processor, and nozzle. In certain embodiments, the sensor can be configured to generate a signal based on a distance between an object and the sensor. In certain embodiments, the electronic processor can be configured to receive the signal from the sensor and to determine a dispensation volume of the liquid. The dispensation volume can vary as a function of the distance between the object and the sensor. The processor can be configured to control the motor to dispense approximately the dispensation volume of the liquid.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.15/707,806, filed Sep. 18, 2017, entitled “Liquid Dispensing Units,”which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/661,372, filedMar. 18, 2015, entitled “Liquid Dispensing Units,” which is a divisionalof U.S. application Ser. No. 13/762,265, filed Feb. 7, 2013, entitled“Liquid Dispensing Units,” which claims priority benefit under 35 U.S.C.§ 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/596,672, filed Feb. 8,2012, entitled “Soap Dispensing Units,” and U.S. Provisional ApplicationNo. 61/609,213, filed Mar. 9, 2012, entitled “Soap Dispensing Units.”All of the aforementioned applications are hereby incorporated byreference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND Field

The present disclosure relates to liquid dispensers, and moreparticularly, some embodiments relate to electronic liquid dispensers.

Description of the Related Art

Users of modern public washroom facilities increasingly desire that eachof the fixtures in the washroom operate automatically without beingtouched by the user's hand. This is important in view of increased userawareness of the degree to which germs and bacteria may be transmittedfrom one person to another in a public washroom environment. Today, itis not uncommon to find public washrooms with automatic, hands-freeoperated toilet and urinal units, hand washing faucets, soap dispensers,hand dryers, and door opening mechanisms. This automation allows theuser to avoid touching any of the fixtures in the facility, andtherefore lessens the opportunity for the transmission ofdisease-carrying germs or bacteria resulting from manual contact withthe fixtures in the washroom.

SUMMARY

In some embodiments, a liquid dispenser such as a soap dispensercomprises a proximity sensor or a reflective type sensor configured togenerate a signal representing the distance between an object and thesensor, and an electronic processor configured to generate an electronicsignal to the motor for dispensing a volume of soap that variesdepending on the distance between the object and the sensor.

In some embodiments, a liquid dispenser comprises a removable cartridgeconfigured to contain a volume of liquid such as soap and a battery in asingle disposable unit. The removable cartridge can include attachmentmembers to help attach the cartridge to the pump during use in a mannerthat permits the cartridge to be removed after the liquid and/or batteryis spent.

In some embodiments, a disposable cartridge for an electric liquiddispenser comprises a cartridge housing with attachment membersconfigured to removably attach to a pump housing; a reservoir within orattached to the cartridge housing configured to contain a volume ofliquid such as soap; a battery within or attached to the cartridgehousing configured to provide sufficient electrical energy to power aliquid dispenser for at least the period during which the liquid such assoap contained within the reservoir will be used during normal usage.

Certain aspects of this disclosure are directed toward liquid dispensersincluding a housing, a reservoir, a fluid passage, a pump, a motor, afirst sensor, and an electronic processor. The reservoir can beconfigured to store liquid. The fluid passage can be disposed in thehousing and can include an inlet and an outlet. The pump can be disposedin the housing. The pump can include an opening disposed in a pump body,and the opening can be in fluid communication with the reservoir. Thepump can be configured to allow air disposed therein to pass through theopening. The motor can be disposed in the housing. The motor can beconfigured to drive the pump, which can be configured to encourage aflow of liquid from the reservoir into the inlet and out of the outletof the fluid passage. The first sensor can be configured to generate asignal representing a distance between an object and the first sensor.The electronic processor can be configured to receive the signal fromthe first sensor and to determine a dispensation volume of the liquid oranother variable characteristic of the dispensed liquid, such as thetype of liquid to be dispensed (e.g., soap or lotion or sanitizer, ordifferent types or grades of these liquids, etc). In a system in whichmultiple types of liquid can be dispensed, a plurality of liquidreservoirs and valves can be utilized to control the flow of multipleliquids. The dispensation volume or other liquid characteristic can varyas a function of the distance between the object and the first sensor.The processor can be configured to control the motor to dispenseapproximately the desired dispensation volume of the liquid.

Any of the liquid dispenser features, structures, steps, or processesdisclosed in this specification can be included in any embodiments. Themotor can be configured to dispense a first volume of fluid when theobject is within a first distance from the first sensor and dispense asecond volume of fluid when the object is within a second distance fromthe first sensor. The first volume can be smaller than the secondvolume, and the first distance can be less than a second distance. Theliquid dispenser can include a second sensor configured to generate asignal when the object is within a sensing region of the second sensor.The dispensation volume can be bound by an upper dispensation amountlimit. The electronic processor can include one or more subroutinesconfigured to generate an electronic signal to the motor for dispensingthe upper dispensation amount limit of the liquid when the object iswithin the sensing region of the second sensor. The first sensor can beconfigured to be activated and deactivated. The electronic processor canbe configured to deactivate the first sensor for a period of time afterthe first sensor generates the signal based on the distance between theobject and the first sensor, thereby inhibiting the sensor fromgenerating an additional instance of the signal during the period oftime. The electronic processor can be configured to calibrate a firstdistance to correspond to a first volume and calibrate a second distanceto correspond to a second volume. The liquid dispenser can include aport configured to connect the liquid dispenser to a computer. Theliquid dispenser can include a user input device configured to manuallydispense the volume of liquid.

Certain aspects of this disclosure are directed toward methods ofmanufacturing a soap dispenser. In certain aspects, the methods caninclude forming the soap dispenser. The soap dispenser can include apump, a motor, a first sensor, and an electronic processor. In certainaspects, the methods can include configuring the first sensor togenerate a signal representing a distance between an object and thefirst sensor. In certain aspects, the methods can include configuringthe electronic processor to check for signals generated by the firstsensor. In certain aspects, the methods can include configuring theelectronic processor to generate a signal to the motor to dispense avolume of soap that varies depending on the distance between the objectand the sensor.

The method of manufacturing steps disclosed in this specification can beused in any embodiments. Configuring the electronic processor togenerate the signal to the motor can include generating a first signalto the motor to dispense a first volume of fluid when the object iswithin a first distance from the first sensor and generating a secondsignal to dispense a second volume of fluid when the object is within asecond distance from the first sensor. The first volume can be smallerthan the second volume, and the first distance can be less than thesecond distance. The methods can include generating a second signal witha second sensor of the soap pump and receiving the second signal in theprocessor. The methods can include configuring the electronic processorto generate a signal to the motor to dispense a predetermined volume ofsoap when the object is detected within a sensing region of a secondsensor. The methods can include configuring the electronic processor todeactivate the first sensor for a period of time after the first sensorgenerates the signal representing the distance between the object andthe first sensor.

Certain aspects of this disclosure are directed toward liquid dispenserssuch as soap dispensers having a removable cartridge. The liquiddispenser can include a housing, a fluid passage, a pump, and a motor.The fluid passage, the pump, and the motor can be disposed in thehousing. The fluid passage can include an inlet and an outlet. The pumpcan include an opening disposed in a pump body, and the opening can bein fluid communication with the removable cartridge. The removablecartridge can comprise one or more liquid reservoirs configured tocontain at least one liquid such as soap (or multiple liquids in someembodiments with a plurality of reservoirs), and a power source in asingle disposable unit. The motor can be configured to a drive the pumpto encourage a flow of liquid such as soap from the removable cartridgeinto the inlet and out of the outlet of the fluid passage.

The liquid dispenser features disclosed in this specification can beincluded in any embodiments. The power source can include a battery. Thedispenser can include a removable cartridge capable of engaging a bottomportion of the housing. The pump can include at least two gears. Thepump can be positioned near an upper portion of the soap dispenser. Themotor can be disposed between the pump and a top surface of the housing.The pump can be configured to discharge liquid such as soap from a pumpoutlet in a generally vertical pathway. The liquid dispenser can includea user input device configured to manually dispense liquid. The liquiddispenser can include a removable cartridge having an indicatorconfigured to indicate at least one characteristic of the cartridge tothe pump. In certain aspects, the at least one characteristic of thecartridge is selected from the group consisting of a brand of theliquid, a viscosity of the liquid, a moisture content of the liquid, avolume of the liquid, the type of liquid or liquids (soap, lotion,sanitizer, etc), and a battery capacity. In certain aspects, at leastone output characteristic of the pump can be adjusted based on the atleast one characteristic of the cartridge. In certain aspects, the atleast one output characteristic is selected from the group consisting ofa dispensation volume, a dispensation period, a motor duty cycle, apumping pressure, and an operational voltage.

Certain aspects of this disclosure are directed toward a disposablecartridge for an electric liquid dispenser. The cartridge can include ahousing having attachment members configured to removably attach to apump housing. The cartridge can include a reservoir or reservoirs withinor attached to the cartridge housing and configured to contain a volumeof liquid such as soap and/or other types of liquid. The reservoir canbe configured to contain a volume of liquid such as soap. The volume ofliquid can be configured to be about exhausted after a set number ofdispensation cycles during normal use of the liquid dispenser. Thecartridge can include a battery within or attached to the cartridgehousing. The battery can be configured to provide sufficient electricalenergy to power a motor of the soap dispenser for about or at leastabout the set number of dispensation cycles.

The features of the disposable cartridge disclosed in this specificationcan be included in any embodiments. The cartridge can include soap oranother type of liquid in the reservoir. The battery can be configuredto be exhausted at about the same time as a volume of soap is exhausted.The cartridge can include a one-way valve. The cartridge can include aseal configured to be punctured or otherwise moved or opened when thecartridge housing attaches to the soap pump housing.

Certain aspects of this disclosure are directed toward a fluid cartridgefor an electrical fluid dispenser. The fluid cartridge can include adisposable housing configured to attach to a pump unit. The cartridgecan include a reservoir, an engagement mechanism, and an indicator. Theengagement mechanism can be configured to removably attach the housingto the pump unit. The indicator can be configured to indicate at leastone characteristic of the cartridge to the pump unit, such as acharacteristic regarding the one or more liquids in the one or morereservoirs in the cartridge, the volume of liquid left in one or morereservoirs in the cartridge, the remaining power of the battery in thecartridge, etc.

The features of the fluid cartridge disclosed in this specification canbe included in any embodiments. The fluid cartridge can include abattery attached to the disposable housing. The at least onecharacteristic can be selected from the group consisting of a brand of afluid in the reservoir, a viscosity of the fluid, a moisture content ofthe fluid, a volume of the fluid, and a battery capacity. The indicatorcan include a configuration of one or more structures, the configurationrepresenting the at least one characteristic of the cartridge. Theindicator can include electronic circuitry configured to produce anelectronic signal. The electronic signal can represent the at least onecharacteristic of the cartridge. The engagement indication element canbe configured to indicate that the fluid cartridge is properly engagedwith the pump unit. The engagement mechanism can include one or moreprotrusions configured to be received in a corresponding one or moreopenings of the pump unit.

For purposes of summarizing the disclosure, certain aspects, advantagesand features of the inventions have been described herein. It is to beunderstood that not necessarily any or all such advantages will beachieved in accordance with any or all particular embodiments of theinventions disclosed herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Certain features, aspects, and advantages of the subject matterdisclosed herein are described below with reference to the drawings,which are intended to illustrate and not to limit the scope of thedisclosure. Various features of different disclosed embodiments can becombined to form additional embodiments, which are part of thisdisclosure. No structures, features, steps, or processes are essentialor critical; any can be omitted in certain embodiments. The drawingscomprise the following figures:

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an automatic liquid soap dispenser.

FIG. 2 illustrates a front, top, left side perspective view of anembodiment of an automatic liquid soap dispenser.

FIG. 3 illustrates a left side elevational view of the liquid soapdispenser of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 illustrates a top plan view of the liquid soap dispenser of FIG.2.

FIG. 5 illustrates a rear elevational view of the liquid soap dispenserof FIG. 2.

FIG. 6 illustrates a front, bottom, right side exploded perspective viewof the liquid soap dispenser in FIG. 2, showing a pump and motor cavitycover member, a battery compartment cover member, and a gasket separatedfrom the main housing thereof

FIG. 7 illustrates a partial sectional view of a liquid soap reservoirof the liquid soap dispenser of FIG. 2, including a portion of thereservoir, pump, pump cover, and drive sheave.

FIG. 8 illustrates another sectional view of the pump, pump cover, anddrive sheave illustrated in FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 illustrates a partial front, left, bottom perspective view of theliquid soap dispenser of FIG. 2 with the pump exploded and separatedfrom the bottom of the dispenser.

FIG. 9A illustrates a bottom view of the pump of FIG. 9, with a bottomportion of the pump removed to expose the interface of gears in thepump.

FIG. 10 illustrates a front, top, and left side perspective view ofanother embodiment of a liquid soap dispenser, including a dischargenozzle.

FIG. 11 illustrates a right side elevational view of the dispenser ofFIG. 10.

FIG. 12 illustrates a front elevational view of the dispenser of FIG.10.

FIG. 12A illustrates a cross-sectional view of the dispenser of FIG. 10along the line 12A-12A of FIG. 12.

FIG. 13 illustrates a perspective view of the discharge nozzle of FIG.10.

FIG. 13A illustrates a perspective view of the discharge nozzle of FIG.13 in a compressed state squeezed between two fingers, showing thedischarge nozzle in an open configuration.

FIG. 14 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the discharge nozzle ofFIG. 13.

FIG. 15 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the discharge nozzleattached to a pipe.

FIG. 16 illustrates a perspective view of the discharge nozzle coupledwith a mounting flange and an angled member.

FIG. 17 illustrates a bottom plan view of the soap pump of FIG. 10 withanother embodiment of a discharge nozzle.

FIG. 18 illustrates a perspective view of the discharge nozzle of FIG.17.

FIG. 19 illustrates another perspective view of the discharge nozzle ofFIG. 18.

FIG. 20 illustrates a left side exploded view of the discharge nozzle ofFIGS. 17-19 coupled with an angled member and a fluid supply source.

FIG. 21 illustrates a bottom left perspective view of the dischargenozzle, angled member, and fluid supply source of FIG. 20 in anassembled state.

FIG. 22 illustrates top, left, rear perspective view of the soap pump ofFIG. 10, with a top portion of a housing removed to expose certaincomponents.

FIG. 22A illustrates a focused top, left, rear perspective view of aportion of the housing of FIG. 22.

FIG. 23 illustrates a focused top, right, rear perspective exploded viewof the housing of FIG. 22 and the discharge nozzle, angled member, and afluid supply source of FIGS. 20 and 21.

FIG. 23A illustrates a focused top, right, rear assembled perspectiveview of the housing of FIG. 22 and the discharge nozzle, angled member,and a fluid supply source of FIGS. 20 and 21.

FIG. 24 illustrates a front, top, left perspective view of anotherembodiment of a discharge nozzle, including concave cutouts.

FIGS. 25A-25C illustrate front views of outlets of three embodiments ofdischarge nozzles for a soap pump.

FIG. 26 illustrates a top, left, front perspective and partialcross-sectional view of the dispenser of FIG. 10, including a pump and areservoir with an outlet.

FIG. 27 illustrates a bottom front perspective view of an embodiment ofthe pump of FIG. 26.

FIG. 28 illustrates a top front perspective of the pump of FIG. 26.

FIG. 29 illustrates top rear perspective of the pump of FIG. 26, thepump having an upper member, a lower member, and gears.

FIG. 29A illustrates a top rear perspective of the upper member of FIG.29.

FIG. 30 illustrates a perspective view of one of the gears of FIG. 29.

FIG. 31 illustrates a top plan view of the gear of FIG. 30, the gearincluding teeth.

FIG. 31A illustrates a focused view of an alternate configuration of theteeth of the gear of FIG. 31.

FIG. 32 illustrates a top cross-sectional view of the pump of FIG. 27,along the line 32-32.

FIGS. 33-36 illustrate another embodiment of a soap dispenser, thedispenser including sensing regions.

FIG. 37 is a schematic block diagram of an example of a soap dispensercontrol algorithm.

FIG. 38 illustrates another embodiment of a soap dispenser, thedispenser including a disposable soap cartridge.

FIG. 39 illustrates an embodiment of a soap dispenser, including a lid.

FIG. 40 illustrates a rear view of the embodiment of FIG. 39, includinga port.

FIG. 41 illustrates a focused view of the embodiment of FIG. 39 showingthe port.

FIG. 42 illustrates a front view of the embodiment of FIG. 39 with aportion of the housing removed.

FIG. 43 illustrates a partial view of the embodiment of FIG. 39 with thelid in an open position.

FIG. 44 illustrates a side view of the embodiment of FIG. 39 with aportion of the housing removed.

FIG. 45 illustrates an embodiment of a soap dispenser, including anupper portion and a lower portion.

FIG. 46A illustrates the upper portion of the embodiment of FIG. 45.

FIG. 46B illustrates the lower portion of the embodiment of FIG. 45.

FIG. 47 illustrates a bottom view of the upper portion of the embodimentof FIG. 45 with a portion of a housing removed.

FIG. 48 illustrates a top view of the upper portion of the embodiment ofFIG. 45 with a portion of the housing removed.

FIGS. 49-50 illustrate a side view of the upper portion of theembodiment of FIG. 45 with the housing removed.

FIG. 51 illustrates an embodiment of a pump.

FIG. 52 illustrates a bottom view of the embodiment of FIG. 51.

FIG. 53 illustrates a portion of the pump body of the embodiment of FIG.51.

FIG. 54 illustrates a gear mechanism of the embodiment of FIG. 54.

FIG. 55 illustrates another embodiment of a soap dispenser, with acartridge and a pump unit.

FIG. 56A illustrates a first indication engagement configuration of thecartridge and the pump unit of FIG. 55.

FIG. 56B illustrates a second indication engagement configuration of thecartridge and the pump unit of FIG. 55.

FIG. 56C illustrates a third indication engagement configuration of thecartridge and the pump unit of FIG. 55.

FIG. 57 illustrates an algorithm for controlling a soap dispenser, suchas the embodiment of FIG. 55.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A variety of soap dispensers are described below to illustrate variousexamples that may be employed to achieve one or more desiredimprovements. These examples are only illustrative and not intended inany way to restrict the general inventions presented and the variousaspects and features of these inventions. Furthermore, the phraseologyand terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and shouldnot be regarded as limiting. No features, structure, or step disclosedherein is essential or indispensable.

With reference to FIG. 1, a liquid soap dispenser 10 can include ahousing 12, which can take any shape. In some embodiments, the housing12 can at least partially contain a liquid handling system 14. Theliquid handling system 14 can include a reservoir 16, a pump 18, and adischarge assembly 20.

The reservoir 16 can be any type of container. In the illustratedembodiment, the reservoir 16 can be configured to contain a volume ofliquid soap, such as liquid soap for hand washing. In some embodiments,the reservoir 16 can include a lid 22 configured to form a seal at thetop of the reservoir 16 for maintaining the liquid soap L within thereservoir 16. In some embodiments, the lid 22 can include an air vent(not shown), which can allow air to enter the reservoir 16 as the levelof liquid soap L falls within the reservoir 16. In some variants, thereservoir 16 can include an outlet 24 disposed at a lower end of thereservoir 16. In certain embodiments, the reservoir 16 can be connectedto the pump 18 through the opening 24.

In some embodiments, the pump 18 can be disposed below (e.g., directlybelow) the outlet 24 of the reservoir 16. In certain embodiments, thepump 18 can be automatically primed due to the force of gravity drawingliquid soap L into the pump 18 through the opening 24. The pump 18 canbe connected to the discharge system 20 with a conduit 26. Any type ordiameter of conduit can be used.

The discharge assembly 20 can include a discharge nozzle 28, such as aflap-type nozzle as described in further detail below. The size andconfiguration of the discharge nozzle 28 can be determined to providethe appropriate flow rate and/or resistance against flow of liquid soapL from the pump 18. In some embodiments, the nozzle 28 can be disposedat a location spaced from the lower portion of the housing 12 so as tomake it more convenient for a user to place their hand or other bodypart under the nozzle 28.

The dispenser 10 can include a power supply 60. In some embodiments, thepower supply 60 can be a battery. In certain embodiments, the powersupply 60 includes electronics for accepting AC or DC power. In someimplementations, the power supply 60 can be configured to interface witha standard domestic electrical supply (e.g., 120 volt alternatingcurrent).

In certain embodiments, the dispenser 10 has a pump actuation system 30,which in turn includes a sensor device 32 and a light receiving portion42. In some embodiments, a beam of light 44 can be emitted from thelight emitting portion 40 and received by the light receiving portion42.

The sensor 32 can be configured to emit a trigger signal when the lightbeam 44 is blocked. For example, if the sensor 32 is activated, and thelight emitting portion 40 is activated, but the light receiving portion42 does not receive the light emitted from the light emitting portion40, then the sensor 32 can emit a trigger signal. This trigger signalcan be used for controlling operation of the motor or an actuator 34,described in greater detail below. This type of sensor can providefurther advantages.

For example, because in some embodiments the sensor 32 can be aninterrupt-type sensor, it can be triggered when a body is disposed inthe path of the beam of light 44. The sensor 32 is not or need not betriggered by movement of a body in the vicinity of the beam 44. Rather,in some embodiments, the sensor 32 can be triggered only if the lightbeam 44 is interrupted. To provide further or alternative prevention ofunintentional triggering of the sensor 32, the sensor 32, including thelight emitting portion 40 and the light receiving portion 42, can berecessed in the housing 12.

Some implementations provide other additional or alternative advantages.For example, the sensor 32 only requires enough power to generate thelow power beam of light 44, which may or may not be visible to the humaneye, and to power the light receiving portion 42. These types of sensorsrequire far less power than infrared or motion-type sensors. In someembodiments, the sensor 32 can be operated in a pulsating mode. Forexample, the light emitting portion 40 can be powered on and off in acycle such as, for example, for short bursts lasting for any desiredperiod of time (e.g., less than or equal to about 0.01 second, less thanor equal to about 0.1 second, or less than or equal to about 1 second)at any desired frequency (e.g., once per half second, once per second,once per ten seconds). These different time characteristics can bereferred to as an activation period or frequency, which corresponds tothe periodic activation of the sensor 32. Thus, an activation frequencyof four times per second would be equivalent to an activation period ofonce per quarter second.

The other aspect of this characteristic can be referred to as anactivation duration. Thus, if the sensor 32 is activated for 50microseconds, 50 microseconds is the activation duration time period.Cycling can greatly reduce the power demand for powering the sensor 32.In operation, cycling does not degrade performance in some embodimentsbecause the user generally maintains his or her body parts or otherappendage or device in the path of the light beam 44 long enough for adetection signal to be generated and to trigger the sensor 32.

The sensor 32 can be connected to a circuit board, an integratedcircuit, or other device for triggering the actuator 34. In someembodiments, the sensor 32 can be connected to an electronic controlunit (“ECU”) 46. The ECU 46 can include one or a plurality of circuitboards, which can provide hard wired feedback control circuits, aprocessor and memory devices for storing and performing controlroutines, or any other type of controller. In some embodiments, the ECU46 can include an H-bridge transistor/MOSFET hardware configurationwhich allows for bidirectional drive of an electric motor, and amicrocontroller such as Model No. PIC16F685 commercially available fromthe Microchip Technology Inc., and/or other devices.

The actuator 34 can be any type of actuator. For example, the actuator34 can be an AC or DC electric motor, stepper motor, server motor,solenoid, stepper solenoid, or any other type of actuator. In someembodiments, the actuator 34 can be connected to the pump 18 with atransmitter device 50. For example, the transmitter device 50 caninclude any type of gear train or any type of flexible transmitterassembly.

The dispenser 10 can include a user input device 52. The user inputdevice 52 can be any type of device allowing a user to input a commandinto the ECU 46. In some embodiments, the input device 52 can be in theform of a button configured to allow a user to depress the button so asto transmit a command to the ECU 46. For example, the ECU 46 can beconfigured to actuate the actuator 34 to drive the pump 18 any time theinput device 52 can be actuated by a user. The ECU 46 can be configuredto provide other functions upon the activation of the input device 52,described in greater detail below.

The dispenser 10 can include a selector device 54. The selector device54 can be any type of configuration allowing the user to input aproportional command to the ECU 46. For example, the selector can haveat least two positions, such as a first position and a second position.The position of the input device 54 can be used to control an aspect ofthe operation of the dispenser 10.

For example, the input device 54 can be used as a selector for allowinga user to select different amounts of liquid soap L to be dispensed fromthe nozzle 28 during each dispensation cycle. When the input device 54is in a first position, the ECU 46 can operate the actuator 34 to drivethe pump 18 to dispense a predetermined amount of liquid soap from thenozzle 28, each time the sensor 32 is triggered. When the input device54 is in the second position, the ECU 46 can actuate the actuator 34 todispense a larger amount of liquid soap L from the nozzle 28.

In some embodiments, the input device 54 can provide a virtuallycontinuous range of output values to the ECU 46, or a larger number ofsteps, corresponding to different volumes of liquid soap L to bedispensed each dispensation cycle performed by the ECU 46. Although thepositions of the input device 54 may correspond to different volumes ofliquid soap L, the ECU 46 can correlate the different positions of theinput device 54 to different duty cycle characteristics or durations ofoperation of the actuator 34, thereby at times discharging differing orslightly differing volumes of liquid soap L from the nozzle 28.

The dispenser 10 can include an indicator device 56 configured to issuea visual, aural, or other type of indication to a user of the dispenser10. For example, in some embodiments, the indicator 56 can include alight and/or an audible tone perceptible to the operator of thedispenser 10. In some embodiments, the ECU 46 can be configured toactuate the indicator 56 to emit a light and/or a tone after apredetermined time period has elapsed after the actuator 34 has beendriven to dispense a predetermined amount of liquid soap L from thenozzle 28. The indicator can provide a reminder to a user of thedispenser 10 to continue to wash their hands until the indicator hasbeen activated. This predetermined time period can be at least about 20seconds, although other amounts of time can be used. The indicator 56can be used for other purposes as well.

Further advantages can be achieved where the indicator can be activatedfor a predetermined time after the pump has completed a pumping cycle(described in greater detail below with reference to FIG. 4). Forexample, the ECU 46 can be configured to activate the indicator 56 for20 seconds after the pump 18 has been operated to discharge an amount ofsoap from the nozzle 28. The indicator 56 can be activated at theappropriate time for advising users as to how long they should washtheir hands.

In some embodiments, the indicator 56 can be a Light Emitting Diode(LED) type light, and can be powered by the ECU 46 to blink throughoutthe predetermined time period. Thus, a user can use the length of timeduring which the indicator 56 blinks as an indication as to how long theuser should continue to wash their hands with the soap disposed from thenozzle 28. Other types of indicators and predetermined time periods canbe used.

In operation, the ECU 46 can activate the sensor 32, continuously orperiodically, to detect the presence of an object between the lightemitting portion 40 and the light receiving portion 42 thereof. When anobject blocks the light beam 44, the ECU 46 determines that a dispensingcycle should begin. The ECU 46 can then actuate the actuator 34 to drivethe pump 18 to thereby dispense liquid soap L from the nozzle 28.

As noted above, in some embodiments, the ECU 46 can vary the amount ofliquid soap L dispensed from the nozzle 28 for each dispensation cycle,depending on a position of the selector 54. Thus, for example, thedispenser 10 can be configured to discharge a first volume of liquidsoap L from the nozzle 28 when the selector is in a first position, andto discharge a second different amount of liquid soap L when theselector 54 is in a second position.

As noted above, the indicator 56 can be activated, by the ECU 46, aftera predetermined amount of time has elapsed after each dispensationcycle. Further, the ECU 46 can be configured to cancel or prevent theindicator 56 from being activated if the button 52 has been actuated inaccordance with a predetermined pattern. For example, the ECU 46 can beconfigured to cancel the activation of the indicator 56 if the button 52has been pressed twice quickly. However, any pattern of operation of thebutton 52 can be used as the command for canceling the indicator 56. Thedispenser 10 can include other input devices for allowing a user tocancel the indicator 56.

In some embodiments, the ECU 46 can be configured to continuouslyoperate the actuator 34 or to activate the actuator 34 for a maximumpredetermined time when the button 52 is depressed. This can allow anoperator of the dispenser 10 to manually operate the dispenser tocontinuously discharge or discharge larger amounts of liquid soap L whendesired. For example, if a user of the dispenser 10 wishes to fill asink full of soapy water for washing dishes, the user can simply pushthe button 52 and dispense a larger amount of soap than would normallybe used for washing one's hands, such as at least about 3 milliliters orat least about 4 milliliters.

FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate a modification of the dispenser 10, identifiedgenerally by the reference numeral 10A. Some of the components of thedispenser 10A can be the same, similar, or identical to thecorresponding components of the dispenser 10 illustrated in FIG. 1.These corresponding components are identified with the same referencenumeral, except that an “A” has been added thereto.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the lower portion 100 of the dispenser 10Acan be designed to support the housing 12A on a generally flat surface,such as those normally found on a countertop in a bathroom or a kitchen.Further, some embodiments of the dispenser 10A are movable. For example,the dispenser 10A can be readily relocated from one position to anotherposition on a countertop. In some implementations, the dispenser 10A isnot attached, embedded, or otherwise joined with a surface that supportsthe dispenser 10A. For example, certain implementations of the dispenser10A are not mounted to, or recessed in, a countertop or wall.

In some embodiments, the nozzle 28 can be disposed in a manner such thatthe nozzle 28A extends outwardly from the periphery defined by the lowerportion 100. If a user misses soap dispensed from the nozzle 28A, andthe soap L falls, it will not strike on any portion of the housing 12A.This helps prevent the dispenser 10A from becoming soiled from drippingsoap L. The configuration and functionality of the nozzle 28A isdescribed in greater detail below with reference to FIGS. 10-16.

In some embodiments, the indicator 56, which can be a visual indicatorsuch as an LED light, can be positioned on the outer housing 12A, abovethe nozzle 28A. As such, the indicator 56A can be easily seen by anoperator standing over the pump. In some embodiments, the visual typeindicator 56A can be disposed on a lower portion of the housing(illustrated in phantom line). However, the indicator 56A can bepositioned in other locations, such as on an upper portion of thehousing, at or near the discharge nozzle 28, or otherwise.

As shown in FIG. 3, the reservoir 16A can be disposed within the housing12A. The pump 18A can be disposed beneath the reservoir 16A such thatthe outlet 24A of the reservoir 16A feeds into the pump 18A. As notedabove, this can help the pump 18A to achieve a self-priming state due tothe force of gravity drawing liquid soap L through the outlet 24A intothe pump 18A.

In some embodiments, the reservoir 16A can include a recess 102. Theactuator 34A can be disposed somewhat nested with the reservoir 16A.This can provide for a more compact arrangement and allow the reservoir16A to be larger.

In some embodiments, the housing 12A includes a first chamber 104 and asecond chamber 106. The pump 18A and actuator 34A can be disposed withinthe first chamber 104 and the power supply 60A can be disposed in thesecond chamber 106. In some embodiments, the chambers 104, 106 can bedefined by inner walls of the housing 12A and/or additional walls (notshown).

With reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, the button 52A can be disposed anywhereon the housing 12A. In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, thebutton 52A can be disposed on an upper portion 110 of the housing 12A.The button 52A can be positioned conveniently for actuation by a user ofthe dispenser 10A. For example, in some embodiments, the button 52A canbe disposed proximate to an outer periphery of the housing 12A, on theupper portion 110, and approximately centered along a rear surface ofthe housing 12A. This can provide a location in which a user can easilygrasp the outer surface of the housing 12A with three fingers and theirthumb, and actuate the button 52A with their index finger.

Certain embodiments of the housing 12A include surface textures 112configured to allow a user to obtain enhanced grip on the housing 12Awhen attempting to lift the dispenser 10A and depress the button 52A.Such surface textures 112 can have any configuration, such as ridges,bumps, knurls, groves, divots, holes, or otherwise. In some embodiments,the surface textures 112 can be in the form of finger shaped recesses.

With reference to FIG. 6, as noted above, the dispensers 10, 10A caninclude a support member arrangement 120 that can achieve the dualfunctions of providing a support leg or foot for the associateddispenser and provide a sealing function for internal cavities disposedwithin the associated dispenser.

As noted above, the dispenser 10A can include first and second chambers104, 106 for containing the power supply 60A and the pump 18A andactuator 34A, respectively. Certain implementations include an interiorcompartment. As shown in FIG. 6, an interior wall 122 can be disposedbetween the chambers 104, 106.

The sealing arrangement 120 can include a gasket member 124 and lidmembers 126, 128. The gasket 124 can be configured to extend around anopening 130 of the compartment 106 and an opening 132 of the compartment104. Thus, in some embodiments, the gasket member 124 can include abattery compartment portion 134 and a pump and motor compartment portion136. The battery compartment portion 134 can be configured to extendaround an interior periphery of the opening 130. The portion 134 can beconfigured to straddle a lower-most edge of the opening 130, or toextend around an outer periphery of the opening 130. Similarly, theportion 136 can be configured to extend along an inner periphery of theopening 132. In some embodiments, the portions 134, 136 can beconfigured to rest against a shelf defined along the inner peripheriesof the openings 130, 132. In some implementations, a center dividingportion 138 of the gasket 124 can be configured to form a seal along thelower-most edge of the wall 122.

The gasket member 124 can be configured to extend around an opening 130of the chamber 106 and an opening 132 of the chamber 104. The lidmembers 126, 128 can be configured to rest against inner walls 140, 142defined by the portions 134, 136, respectively. The lid members 126, 128can be configured to form seals with the inner peripheral walls 140,142, respectively. In certain such instances, the seals help protect thecomponents disposed within the chambers 104, 106.

As shown, in some embodiments, the gasket member 124 can include abattery compartment portion 134 and a pump and motor compartment portion136. The battery compartment portion 134 can be configured to extendaround an interior periphery of the opening 130. The portion 134 can beconfigured to straddle a lower-most edge of the opening 130, or toextend around an outer periphery of the opening 130. Similarly, themotor compartment portion 136 can be configured to extend along an innerperiphery of the opening 132. In some embodiments, the portions 134, 136can be configured to rest against a shelf defined along the innerperipheries of the openings 130, 132.

In some embodiments, fasteners 140 can be used to secure the lid members126, 128 to the housing 12A. For example, the lid members 126, 128 caninclude apertures 142 through which the fasteners 140 can extend. Thefasteners 140 can engage mounting portions disposed within the housing12A. As such, the lid members 126, 128 can be secured to the housing 12Aand form a seal with the gasket member 124.

In certain implementations, at least one of the lid members 126, 128includes an additional aperture 144 configured to allow access to adevice disposed in one of the chambers 104, 106. In the illustratedembodiment, the aperture 144 is in the form of a slot. However, any typeof aperture can be used. The slot 144 can be configured to allow aportion of the selector 54 to extend therethrough. For example, theselector 54A can be in the configuration of a slider member 150 slidablydisposed in a housing 152. For example, the selector 54 can be in theconfiguration of a rheostat or other type of input device that allowsfor a proportional signal.

For example, as noted above, the housing 152 can be configured to allowthe slider member 150 to be slid between at least two positions. Forexample, the two positions can be a first position corresponding to afirst amount of liquid soap L to be discharged by the nozzle 28A and asecond position corresponding to a second larger volume of liquid soap Lto be discharged by the nozzle 28A. The housing 152 can be configured toallow the slider member 150 to be slid between a plurality of steps orcontinuously along a defined path to provide continuously proportionalsignals or a plurality of steps.

In some embodiments, with the gasket member 124 and lid member 128 inplace, the slider member 150 can be configured to extend through theslot 144 such that a user can conveniently move the slider member 150with the lid 128 in place. In some embodiments, the slider member 150can be smaller such that a thin object such as a pen can be insertedinto the slot 144 to move the slider member 150.

With continued reference to FIG. 6, when the lid members 126, 128 andgasket member 124 are in place, the chambers 104, 106 can besubstantially sealed and thus protected from the ingress of water and/orother substances. In some embodiments, as noted above, the gasket member124 can be configured to extend downwardly from the housing 12A suchthat the gasket member 124 defines the lower-most portion of the device10A. The gasket member can provide a foot or a leg for supporting thedevice 10A.

Further, in a configuration in which the lower-most edge of the gasketmember 124 can be substantially continuous and smooth, the gasket member124 can provide a suction cup-like effect when it is placed and pressedonto a smooth surface. For example, where the gasket member 124 is madefrom a soft or resilient material, by pressing the device 10A downwardlywhen it is resting on a smooth surface, air can be ejected from thespace between the lid members 126, 128 and the surface upon which thedevice 10A is resting. When the device 10A is released, the slightmovement of the device 10A upwardly can result in suction within thatspace, thereby creating a suction cup-like effect. This effect providesa further advantage in helping to secure or otherwise anchor the device10A in place on a counter, which can become wet and/or slippery duringthis period.

With reference to FIGS. 7-9, the pump 18A can be configured to be areversible pump. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the pump18A can be a gear-type pump. This type of a pump can be operated inforward or reverse modes. In some embodiments, a pump can provide acompact arrangement and can provide a 90 degree turn which provides aparticularly compact arrangement in the device 10A. For example, asshown in FIG. 7, the outlet 24A of the reservoir 16A feeds (e.g.,directly) into an inlet of the pump 18A. In the illustrated embodiment,a lower-most surface of the reservoir 16A defines an upper wall of thepump 18A. Thus, in some embodiments, the outlet 24A also forms the inletto the pump 18A. A gasket 160 can extend around the outlet 24A and beconfigured to form a seal with a body of the pump 18A. An outlet 162 ofthe pump 18A can be connected to an outlet chamber of the pump 18A. Incertain variants, the outlet 162 can be connected to the conduit 26A soas to connect the outlet 162 to the nozzle 28A.

Returning to FIG. 3, the pump chamber 18A can include an outlet chamber25A. The outlet chamber 25A can be an area within the pump in whichhigher pressures of the viscous fluid are generated during pumpoperation, i.e., pressures that are higher than the pressure at theinlet 24A. Thus, this high pressure area within the pump drives theviscous fluid out of the pump, through the conduit 26A, and through thenozzle 28A.

In some embodiments, the dispenser 10A can include a bypass passage 27Aconnecting the interior of the reservoir 16A with the outlet chamber25A. When the pump 18A is not operating, liquid soap L from thereservoir 16A can flow through the bypass passage 27A, into the outletchamber 25A, then into the conduit 26A. When the dispenser 10A is atrest, liquid soap L flows up into the conduit 26A until it reaches thesame height as the level of liquid soap L in the reservoir 16A. Thus,the pump 18A can remain primed and generally full of liquid soap, evenwhen the pump 18A is off, or at least between soap dispensations and/orright before the pump 18A is turned on.

In some embodiments, the bypass passage 27A can be a hole with adiameter of at least about 0.4 mm and/or less than or equal to about 2.1mm. In some embodiments, the diameter of the hole of the bypass passage27A can be in the range of about 0.5 mm to about 2.0 mm. Further, insome embodiments, the diameter of the bypass passage 27A can be about0.7 mm to about 0.8 mm.

In some embodiments, the soap pump 10A can be immediately or rapidlyprimed without requiring further procedures by simply filling thereservoir 16A with liquid soap L and waiting a short amount of time forliquid soap L to flow through the bypass passage 27A, through the outletchamber 25A and into the discharge conduit 26A as well as through theinlet 24A down into the pump 18A. In some embodiments, once liquid soapL has flown into these parts of the system, the pump 18A is fully primedand ready to begin pumping liquid soap L at any time, without requiringre-priming before the next use.

During operation of the pump 18A, some pressurized liquid soap L fromthe discharge chamber 25A can be discharged out of the outlet chamber25A and back into the reservoir 16A. This discharging from the outletchamber 25A into the reservoir 16A results in some loss of efficiency ofpump operation. However, when this pump design is used in conjunctionwith an anti-drip valve having a low opening pressure, such as anopening pressure of less than or equal to about 1 psi (liquid soap inthe discharge nozzle 28A having a pressure 1 psi higher than atmosphericon the outside of the nozzle 28A), the loss of efficiency caused by thebypass passage 27A is generally equal to or overcome by the lower energyrequirements for pumping the liquid soap L to a pressure much lower thanthat required for opening spring-biased type valves. It has been foundthat where the valve 28A is configured to open with a pressure of about0.3 psi or less, and the diameter of the bypass passage 27A is withinthe range of about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm, a 40% loss of fluid through thebypass passage 27A still requires about the same amount of energy orresults in an overall reduction in energy required for pumping liquidsoap L through the pump 18A to the lower opening pressure required toopen the valve 28A, compared to valves that are formed of a valve seatand a valve body bias towards the closed position with a spring.

FIG. 9 illustrates an exploded view of the pump 18A. As shown, the gearpump 18A can include a pair of gears 170 and a gear pump body 172, fromwhich the outlet 162 extends. The gears 170 can each include a pluralityof teeth 169 (FIG. 9A), which in turn can have flanks 171 and a tip 177.Each of the teeth 169 can have a tooth width W1 and a tip width W2, aswill be discussed in further detail below.

The pump body 172 can comprise a generally continuous loop (e.g., anoval and/or partially figure-eight-shaped chamber) in which the gears170 rotate. This configuration is well known in the art, and inparticular, with regard to devices known as gear pumps. Thus, a furtherdescription of the operation of the gear pump 18A is not includedherein.

The body 172 can include a drive shaft aperture 174. A gasket 176 can beconfigured to form a seal against the aperture 174 and a drive shaft178. One end of the drive shaft 178 can be connected to a driven sheave180. The other end of the drive shaft 178 can extend through the gasket176, the aperture 174, and engage with one of the gears 170. In someembodiments, the other of the gears 170 can engage a boss 179.

In some embodiments, a retaining member 182 can be used to retain thepump body 172 against the lower face of the reservoir 16A. For example,in the illustrated embodiment, four fasteners 184 extend throughcorresponding apertures in the retaining member 182 and into engagingportions 186 attached to the lower face of the reservoir 16A.

As shown in FIG. 9A, in some embodiments, the gears 170 can be meshedwithin the chamber. Thus, when a shaft 178 is rotated to rotate one ofthe gears 170, the other gear 170 is also rotated. As such, the pump 18Acan displace fluid entering the pump body 172 (e.g., through the outlet24A of the reservoir) and discharge the fluid through the outlet 162.FIG. 9A also shows that the pump body 172 can include an opening 163. Insome embodiments, the opening 163 can be in fluid communication with theoutlet 24A of the reservoir 16A, thereby allowing liquid soap L to flowinto the pump body 172 via the opening 163. As shown, in certainimplementations, the opening 163 can be positioned in the top of thebody 172. In some embodiments, a centerline of the opening 163 can besubstantially parallel with an axis of rotation of at least one of thegears 170. In some embodiments, the opening 163 can be directly coupledwith the outlet 24A of the reservoir 16A.

With reference again to FIG. 6, the sheave 180 defines a part of thetransmitter 50A. The actuator 34A can include a drive sheave 190configured to drive the driven sheave 180 through a flexible transmitter192. The flexible transmitter 192 can be any type of flexibletransmitter, such as those well known in this art. For example, theflexible transmitter 192 can be a toothed belt, rubber belt, chain, etc.

With reference to FIG. 10, another embodiment of a soap dispenser isidentified generally by the reference numeral 10B. Some of thecomponents of the dispenser 10B can be the same, similar, or identicalto the corresponding components of the dispensers 10 and/or 10Adiscussed above. Some of these corresponding components are identifiedwith the same reference numeral, except that a “B” has been addedthereto and/or has replaced the “A” which was added thereto.

The dispenser 10B can include a housing 12B, which in turn can include alower portion 100B, reservoir 16B, pump 18B, and a nozzle 28B. Incertain implementations, the pump 18B and the nozzle 28B can be in fluidcommunication via a conduit 26B (see FIG. 12A). In some embodiments, thenozzle 28B extends outwardly from a periphery comprising the lowerportion 100B. For example, as shown, the housing 12B can include acantilevered portion that includes the nozzle 28B. In certainconfigurations, the nozzle 28B can be positioned such that any soap thatwould drip from the nozzle 28B would avoid contacting the housing 12B.

In some embodiments, such as shown in FIGS. 10-12A, the nozzle 28Bprojects from the housing 12B. For example, the nozzle 28B can bemounted on the exterior of the housing 12B of the soap pump 10B. In someembodiments, the nozzle 28B can be mounted partially within orcompletely within the housing of the soap pump 10B. Further, in theimplementation depicted, the nozzle 28B can be positioned substantiallyvertically (e.g., a longitudinal axis of the nozzle forms asubstantially right angle with a plane on which the dispenser rests).Such a configuration can, for example, facilitate (e.g., by force ofgravity) outflow of the soap from the nozzle 28B. In someimplementations, the nozzle 28B can be positioned at another angle. Forexample, the nozzle 28B can be positioned so as to dispense soaphorizontally (e.g., substantially parallel to a plane on which the soappump 10B rests).

With reference to FIGS. 13-16, the nozzle 28B generally includes aone-way valve 200, which can be in the form of a flap-type valve. Such aconfiguration can, for example, reduce the likelihood that air orcontaminants may enter the valve 200, which could lead to improper soapflow from the nozzle 28B and/or drying of soap disposed in the nozzle28B. Of course, other types and/or configurations of one-way valve arecontemplated, such as flap valves, ball valves, diaphragm valve, liftvalves, other kinds of check valves, and the like.

In some embodiments, the nozzle 28B can include an inlet collar 210 withan interior passage 212 having inlet end 214 and an outlet end 216. Thevalve 200 can be formed with at least a deflectable member 218, such asa flap. In some embodiments, the deflectable member 218 can beconfigured to move toward an open position (illustrated in phantom) whena pressure condition is satisfied. The pressure differential (comparedto the ambient pressure acting on an exterior surface of the nozzle 28B)at which the deflectable member 218 begins to move toward the openposition, and thus the nozzle 28B begins to open, can be referred to asthe “cracking pressure.” In some embodiments, the cracking pressure canbe at least about 0.2 psi and/or equal to or less than about 0.3 psi. Insome embodiments, the cracking pressure is less than or equal to about0.4 psi.

In the illustrated embodiment, the valve 200 includes two slanteddeflectable members 218, 220 that form an acute angle with each other.Such a configuration is sometimes referred to as a “duckbill valve”.However, a duckbill valve is merely one type of deflectable membervalves that can be used as the nozzle 28B.

The valve 200 can be formed from any flexible material, For example, thevalve 200 can be made of nitrile, nitrile rubber, fluorosilicone,fluorosilicone rubber, ethylene propylene, ethylene propylene dienemonomer rubber, silicone, silicone rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber,hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, isobutyleneisoprene rubber, fluorocarbon rubber, polyisoprene, industrial rubber,natural rubber, epichlorohydrin, chloroprene, polyurethane,polyurethane, polyether urethane, styrene-butadiene, styrene-butadienerubber, polyacrylate acrylic, polyacrylate rubber, ethylene acrylicrubber, combinations thereof, or other materials. Some such duckbillvalves are commercially available from Vernay Laboratories, Inc., ofYellow Springs, Ohio. In some embodiments, one or both of thedeflectable members 218, 220 have a thickness of at least 0.4 mm and/orequal to or less than 0.8 mm. In certain instances, one or both of thedeflectable members 218, 220 have a thickness of at least about 0.6 mm.

The valve 200 can include a seal formed between the deflectable members218, 220. For example, in certain embodiments the deflectable members218, 220 form a substantially airtight seal therebetween. Someembodiments of the deflectable members 218, 220 form a substantiallyliquid-tight seal therebetween. Some embodiments have deflectablemembers 218, 220 that form a seal that is sufficient to inhibit thepassage of viscous soap therebetween. In certain embodiments, the valve200 can be configured to inhibit the passage of viscous soap yet permitan amount of ambient air to pass through the valve 200 (e.g., and intothe interior of the dispenser 10B). Such a configuration can, forexample, reduce the incidence of a pressure differential between theambient environment and components of the dispenser 10B. For example,certain configurations allow an amount of ambient air to enter thereservoir 16B, thereby avoiding the maintenance of a pressuredifferential between the ambient environment and the reservoir 16B,which could inhibit opening of the reservoir 16B, e.g., in order todeposit liquid soap into the reservoir.

In some embodiments, the duckbill valve aids in the dispensation ofsoap, reduces wear, and/or facilitates priming of the dispenser 10B. Forexample, certain other anti-drip valves have a valve seat and a valvebody that is pressed against the valve seat to prevent dripping when thepump is not operating. However, such valves can require a significantpressure (e.g., 2.5 to 3 psi) in the liquid soap before the springbiased valve body will move away from the valve seat to allow liquidsoap to flow out. Generating such liquid soap pressure can require asignificant amount of electrical energy. In contrast, some duckbill-typeembodiments of the valve 200 can be configured to open (e.g., deflectone or both of the deflectable members 218, 220) at much lowerpressures, such as less than or equal to 0.2 psi and/or greater than orequal to 0.3 psi. As such, certain embodiments of the valve 200 requireless electrical energy usage per dispensation, which in turn can prolongthe operational life of batteries (or other electrochemical or otherelectrical energy storage devices) in embodiments of the dispenser 10Bso powered. Further, as the actuating pressure is reduced, someembodiments of the valve 200 reduce the wear on the motor 34, pump 18B,and/or other components of the dispenser 10B.

In some embodiments, the reduced actuating pressure of the valve 200 canfacilitate priming of the dispenser 10B. In certain other types ofvalves, during priming of the pump, air present in a pipe connecting thepump and the valve is trapped between the valve and the leading edge ofthe flow of soap being urged through the pipe. In some such instances,the air is compressed to the actuating pressure of the valve (which, asindicated above, can be relatively high) and expelled out of the valvein a rush, which can cause the air or soap located in the valve to beejected in an uncontrolled or otherwise undesirable manner (e.g., in asputter). In contrast, the reduced actuating pressure of the valve 200can reduce the amount that air in the conduit 26B is compressed prior tothe valve 200 opening, and thus can reduce or avoid such an uncontrolledor undesirable dispensation during priming.

Certain implementations of the valve 200 can reduce or avoid stickingproblems found in certain other valve configurations. For example, invalves including a valve body that is pressed against a valve seat, athin film of soap between the body and seat can encourage the body andseat to stick to each other (e.g., the thin film of soap can act as anadhesive), which can inhibit or prevent the valve from opening. Such anissue can be especially prevalent in designs in which the valve bodymust move generally against the flow of soap in order for the valve toopen. In contrast, certain embodiments of the valve 200 are opened bydeflecting the deflectable members 218, 220 an acute angle with respectto the direction of the flow of soap through the valve 200. Further, ascertain embodiments of the valve 200 do not include a spring pressing avalve body against a valve seat with a thin film of soap therebetween,the occurrence, or at least the degree, of sticking can be reduced oravoided.

FIG. 13 illustrates the valve 200 in a closed position, e.g., thedeflectable members 218, 220 are in contact with each other therebysubstantially closing the outlet end 216 so as to resist the outflow ofsoap in most circumstances of normal use until the valve 200 is opened.In contrast, FIG. 13A illustrates the valve 200 in an open position,e.g., the deflectable members 218, 220 have moved apart from each other,thereby opening a channel between the deflectable members 218, 220through which fluid can flow. For example, in the open state, soap canpass from the inlet 214 and through the outlet 216, such as to bedispensed to a user's hands. As shown, the valve 200 can be opened byapplying force on the valve 200 along an axis generally parallel with aline formed by the interface of the deflectable members 218, 220.Although FIG. 13A illustrates the valve 200 being squeezed, and therebyopened, by the fingers of a human hand, in the dispenser 10B, the valve200 is typically opened in other ways, such as by pressurized liquidsoap acting against the deflectable members 218, 220.

In a first state, such as when the pump 18B is not operating, ambientpressure acts against the outer surfaces of the deflectable members 218,220, thereby pressing them toward each other and closing the outlet 216of the valve 200. Such closure of the outlet can, for example, inhibitor prevent liquid soap L within the nozzle 28B from leaking past thedeflectable members 218, 220, for example, under the influence ofgravity. In a second state, such as when the pump 18B operates, liquidsoap L is encouraged toward the inlet 214, which in turn generatespressure within the liquid soap L in the nozzle 28B. When the pressureof the soap in the nozzle 28B is greater than or equal to the crackingpressure of the valve 200, the liquid soap L can deflect the deflectablemember 218, 220 and thereby be discharged out of the nozzle 28B. In someembodiments, the cracking pressure of the valve 200 can be at leastabout 0.2 psi and/or less than or equal about 0.3 psi greater thanatmospheric pressure of the environment in which the dispenser 10B islocated. In some embodiments, the cracking pressure can be at leastabout 0.3 and/or equal to or less than about 0.5 psi. FIGS. 15 and 16illustrate some configurations in which the valve 200 can be applied tothe dispenser 10B. FIG. 15 illustrates a straight connectionconfiguration. In some such embodiments, the collar 210 of the valve 200can fit over the outer surface of a liquid soap pipe 230, which can bein fluid communication with the reservoir 16B and/or the pump 18B. Insome configurations, the collar 210 and the pipe 230 mate insubstantially liquid-tight engagement to resist soap leakage. Thus, incertain embodiments, liquid soap L can pass from the reservoir 16Band/or the pump 18B, through the pipe 230, and be discharged out of thevalve 200 in a direction generally parallel with the longitudinal axisof the conduit 230.

FIG. 16 illustrates a curved or angled connection between the valve 200and the liquid soap dispensing system (e.g., a substantially 90°configuration). In some embodiments, an angled member 240 (e.g., anelbow, curve, angle, or otherwise) includes an inlet end 242 and anoutlet end 244. The inlet end 242 of the angled member 240 can beconnected to a fluid supply source 246, which can be in fluidcommunication with the reservoir 16B and/or the pump 18B. In someembodiments, the longitudinal axis of the inlet end 242 can be angled(e.g., at least: about 15°, about 30°, about 60°, about 90°, valuestherebetween, and otherwise) relative to the outlet end 244 of theangled member 240. Thus, when the nozzle 28B is attached to the outlet244 of the angled member 240, soap can be discharged through the valve200 at an angle (e.g., about 90°) relative to the inlet 242.

In some embodiments, the angled member 240 can include a mountingmember, such as a flange 250. In the illustrated embodiment, the flange250 includes an aperture 252. In some implementations, a fastener 254(such as a threaded fastener, rivet, boss, hook, or otherwise) can beused to attach the angled member 240 and the housing 12B of the soapdispenser 10B.

FIG. 17 illustrates another embodiment of a nozzle 28C, which can beinstalled in the housing 12B. In some embodiments, the nozzle 28Cprotrudes from the housing 12B. For example, in certain embodiments, thenozzle 28C can be at least partly visible to an observer outside thedispenser. In some embodiments, the nozzle 28C can be oriented such thatthe nozzle outlet 375 is generally perpendicular to a front-to-back axis114 (also illustrated in FIG. 4) of the housing 12B. In certainembodiments, the nozzle outlet 375 may be oriented such that it is notperpendicular to the axis 114.

With reference to FIGS. 18 and 19, the nozzle 28C can be in the form ofa valve 300. As noted above, such a configuration is sometimes referredto as a “duckbill valve.” In some embodiments, the valve 300 can includean inlet collar 310, deflectable members 318, 320, and a valve flange350. In some embodiments, the valve flange 350 can have one or morefirst positioners, such as an indentation 335. For example, asillustrated in FIGS. 18 and 19, the indentation 335 can be a singleindentation. In some embodiments, the indentation 335 comprises aplurality of indentations. As shown, some embodiments of the inletcollar 310 can be cylindrically shaped. Some embodiments of inlet collar310 have various other shapes, such as rectangular or triangularprismatic.

FIGS. 17-19 illustrate the deflectable members 318, 320 in a generallyclosed position. In some variants, when the pump 18 is not operating,the deflectable members 318, 320 can be pressed together, therebyclosing the valve 300 and inhibiting or preventing liquid soap L in thenozzle 28C from leaking past the deflectable members 318, 320 (e.g., bythe influence of gravity). In certain implementations, one or both ofthe deflectable members 318, 320 can be biased toward the other, therebypressing the deflectable members 318, 320 together when the pump 18 isnot operating. In some embodiments, the deflectable members 318, 320atmospheric pressure acts against the outer surfaces of the deflectablemembers 318, 320 to press the deflectable members 318, 320 together.

When the pump 18 operates and generates sufficient pressure within theliquid soap L in the nozzle 28C, the liquid soap L can open the nozzle28C by deflecting the deflectable members 318, 320, thereby dischargingthe liquid soap from the nozzle 28C. As previously noted, the pressuredifferential (compared to ambient atmospheric pressure) at which thenozzle 28C begins to open can be referred to as the “cracking pressure.”In some embodiments, the cracking pressure required to discharge theliquid soap L from the nozzle 28C can be at least about 0.2 psi and/orequal to or less than about 0.3 psi above atmospheric pressure. In someembodiments, the cracking pressure required to discharge the liquid soapL from the nozzle 28C can be at least about 0.3 and/or equal to or lessthan about 0.5 psi.

FIGS. 20 and 21 illustrate a configuration in which the valve 300 can beapplied to a liquid soap dispensing system. FIG. 20 illustrates thevalve 300 and an angled member 340, such as an elbow of about 90°, in anunconnected state. As shown, the angled member 340 can include an inletend 342 and an outlet end 344. The inlet end 342 can be connected to afluid supply source 346, which can be in fluid communication with thereservoir 16B and/or pump 18B. The outlet end 344 of the angled member340 can engage with the valve 300. In some embodiments, the angledmember 340 can include a flange 360. The flange 360 can include one ormore second positioners, such as protrusions 370.

As illustrated in the embodiment shown in FIG. 21, the valve 300 can beoriented such that the indentation 335 in the nozzle flange 350generally aligns with the protrusion 370 on the flange 360. In thisembodiment, the protrusion 370 can engage with and/or be received by theindentation 335. Such a configuration can, for example, inhibit orprevent rotation of the valve 300 with respect to the outlet end 344 ofthe angled member 340. Further, in some embodiments, the indentation 335can ease manufacturing of the dispenser 10B, as the indentation 335 canfacilitate orientation of the nozzle 28B with regard to the remainder ofthe dispenser 10B, thereby facilitating assembly. For example, someconfigurations of the indentation 335 orient the nozzle 28C such thatthe line of contact between the deflectable members 318, 320 can besubstantially transverse to the axis 114, which can facilitatedispensing soap into a user's hands in a desired pattern.

In some implementations, the pump 18 and/or actuator 34 can beconfigured to temporarily (e.g., for less than or equal to about asecond) reverse the flow of soap. For example, in embodiments having agear pump, the rotation of the gears can be temporarily reversed,thereby drawing soap from the nozzle back toward the reservoir. Such aconfiguration can, for example, facilitate closing of the nozzle 28C.For instance, in embodiments having the valve 300 with first and seconddeflectable members 318, 320, such reversal of flow can encourageclosing of the valve 300. Indeed, in implementations, reversal of flowcan reduce the delay that between the intended cessation of dispensationof soap and the actual cessation of dispensation of soap from the nozzle28C. In some embodiments, reversing the flow of soap encourages a tightseal between the first and second deflectable members 318, 320.

As shown in FIG. 22, in some embodiments, the housing 12B can have anopening 332 in which the nozzle 28C can be at least partly received. Insome embodiments, the opening 332 of the housing 12B can include a leakinhibiting structure, such as an annular protrusion 390. In someembodiments, the nozzle flange 350 of the nozzle 28C can be pressedagainst the annular protrusion 390, thereby creating a substantiallyliquid-tight seal. The opening 332 of the housing 12B can comprise apositioning structure, such as a ridge 393. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 22, the ridge 393 can include an orienting structure, such as arecess 387. In certain arrangements, the housing 12B includes one ormore other apertures 333, such as a sensor device, as was discussed infurther detail above.

FIG. 23 shows the housing 12B from FIG. 22 as well as the assemblednozzle 28C and angled member 340 of FIG. 21. The recess 387 in the ridge393 can be sized to accept the inlet end 342 of the angled member 340when at least a portion of the angled member 340 and the nozzle 28C canbe inserted into the opening 332 of the housing 12B. The recess 387 can,for example, inhibit or prevent the angled member 340 from rotating withrespect to the housing 12B. In some embodiments, a combination of therecess 387 of the ridge 393 and the indentation 335 and protrusion 370of the assembled nozzle 28C and angled member 340 can inhibit or preventthe nozzle 28C from rotating with respect to the housing 12B. FIG. 23Ashows the assembled nozzle 28C and angled member 340 in an installedposition in the housing 12B.

In some embodiments of the nozzle 28C, the geometry of the deflectableflap members 318, 320 can be designed to increase the cracking pressurenecessary to open the nozzle outlet 375 of the nozzle 28C.Configurations like these can, for example, allow the valve 300 towithstand higher internal pressures before permitting a flow of fluidtherethrough. Such an increased cracking pressure is desirable incertain applications (e.g., when some or all of the reservoir 16 ispositioned higher than the nozzle 28C). In some instances, an increasedcracking pressure facilitates faster and/or increased disbursement ofsoap.

With reference to FIGS. 24 and 25A, in some embodiments, the deflectablemembers 318, 320 have biasing features, such as recesses 329, 331. Thus,in certain embodiments, the deflectable members 318, 320 have agenerally hourglass shape in an end view. In some embodiments, thedeflectable members 318, 320 with the recesses 329, 331 exhibit anincrease in the bias between the deflectable members 318, 320 comparedto deflectable members without such recesses. In some embodiments, thedeflectable members 318, 320 can be configured such that the concavitythe recesses 329, 331 produces or increases the bias of the deflectablemembers 318, 320 against each other.

In some embodiments of the nozzle 28C, the geometry of the deflectablemembers 318, 320 can be configured to decrease the cracking pressureneeded to open the nozzle outlet 375 of the nozzle 28C. For example, therecesses 329, 331 can be configured such that they reduce the thicknessof the deflectable members 318, 320 at about the midpoint of the outlet375 as compared to other regions of the outlet 375 without greatlyincreasing the radius of concavity. As a result, in certain suchimplementations, the cracking pressure necessary to open the nozzleoutlet 375 of the nozzle 28C may be reduced.

As shown in FIG. 25B, some embodiments of the nozzle 28C include one ormore deformation-facilitating members, such as notches 337, 339, in thesides of the nozzle outlet 375. Notches 337, 339 can reduce thecompressive force in the material in the vicinity of the notches 337,339. Thus, the notches 337, 339 can allow the sides of the nozzle outlet375 to deform more easily, thereby facilitating opening of the outlet375. In some arrangements, the notches 337, 339 resiliently deformduring the period that the outlet 375 is open, e.g., opposite sides ofthe notches can move toward each other. In certain such cases, theresiliently deformed notches 337, 339 can provide or increase a biasingeffect, which can facilitate the nozzle outlet 375 returning to itsoriginal shape when the pressure on the soap (e.g., from the pump)eases. Such a configuration can, for example, allow the nozzle outlet375 to close more quickly when the pump 18B ceases operation. FIG. 25Billustrates an example of this concept in which the opening of thenozzle outlet 375 causes the notches 337, 339 to reduce in size as thematerial surrounding the notches 337, 339 compresses.

FIG. 25C illustrates a configuration wherein both notches 337, 339 andconcave recesses 329, 331 can be utilized for the nozzle outlet 375. Insome embodiments, the concave recesses 329, 331 in the deflectablemembers 318, 320 produce or increase the bias of the deflectable members318, 320 to a closed position. Indeed, in certain such instances, theconcave recesses 329, 331 increase the cracking pressure of the nozzle28C. However, when the cracking pressure is reached and the outlet 375begins to open, the notches 337, 339 can facilitate such opening byreducing compressive forces and/or interference of material on the sideof the nozzle 28C. Moreover, the resilient deflection of the notches337, 339 can be biased to return to their original, undeflectedposition, thereby promoting closing of the opening. In certain suchembodiments, closing of the nozzle opening 375 is further promoted bythe previously described bias of the deflectable members 318, 320.

With regard to FIG. 26, a top front perspective and partialcross-sectional view of the dispenser 10B is illustrated. As previouslydiscussed, the dispenser 10B includes the reservoir 16B and pump 18B. Asshown, the reservoir 16B can include an outlet 24B, which can be influid communication with the pump 18B. Thus, soap can flow between thereservoir 16B and the outlet 24B (e.g., by force of gravity). Asdiscussed in further detail above, the pump 18B can drive the soap tothe nozzle 28B via the conduit 26B, in order to be dispensed as desired.

As shown in FIGS. 27-29A, the pump 18B can include a pump body 272having an outlet 262 and an inlet 263. In certain embodiments, the pumpbody 272 includes an upper member 264 and a lower member 265. Typically,the members 264, 265 can be configured to mate together (e.g., withadhesive, fasteners, a snap fit connection, or otherwise). The pump body272 can have one or more arms 266 or the like that can be configured to,for example, facilitate mounting the pump body 272 in the housing 12B.Various materials can be used to form the pump body 272, such as metal,plastic, or otherwise. In some embodiments, the pump body 272 comprisesa polymer, such as a polypropelene, polyoxymethylene, Delrin®, orotherwise.

In some embodiments, the pump body 272 houses a driven gear 270 and aslave gear 270′. In certain variants, the gears 270, 270′ can besubstantially identical. In some embodiments, the gears 270, 270′ arenot identical. In certain implementations, the gears 270, 270′ can beconfigured to rotate in an oval and/or partially figure-eight-shapedspace. As shown, certain embodiments of the pump body 272 include achamber 273 in communication with the inlet 263. The chamber 273 can,for example, provide a staging location for liquid soap L between thereservoir 16B and the gears 270, 270′.

In certain implementations, a seal (e.g., made of rubber, silicone, orotherwise) can be positioned between the upper and lower members 264,265. Such a configuration can, for example, inhibit soap leaking fromthe pump body 272 and/or reduce the likelihood of air infiltrating thepump body 272 (which in turn could lead to drying of the soap and impedethe operation of the pump 18B). In some embodiments, the seal can begenerally positioned along the periphery of the pump body 272.

Similar to the discussion above in connection with FIG. 9, in someembodiments, the pump body 272 includes a drive shaft aperture 274 (notshown). A gasket 276 (not shown) can be configured to form a sealagainst the aperture 274 and a drive shaft 278. One end of the driveshaft 278 can be connected to a driven sheave 280. The other end of thedrive shaft 278 can extend through the gasket 276, the aperture 274, andengage with one of the driven gear 270. In some embodiments, the slavegear 270′ can engage a boss 279.

In certain implementations, the pump body aperture or opening 263 of thepump body 272 can be in fluid communication with the reservoir 16,thereby allowing liquid soap L to flow into the pump body 272 via theopening 263. However, in certain arrangements, air can be present in thepump body 272. For example, air is generally present in the pump body272 during or at least before priming of the pump. In some cases, aircan form a bubble that is retained in the pump body 272 and mayinterfere with the ability of liquid soap L to flow into the pump body272. Such interference can be exacerbated if the opening 263 is toosmall to allow the bubble to escape (e.g., due to surface tension andfrictional forces). Thus, in some embodiments, the opening 263 can beconfigured to allow air in the pump body 272 to escape. For example, theopening 263 can be configured (e.g., can have a sufficient size andshape) to allow a bubble formed by air present in the pump body 272 toreadily pass through the opening 263, such as during priming of thepump. For example, in some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of theopening 263 (e.g., taken generally in the plane of dimensions 293, 294(see FIG. 29A)) can be generally about the same size as, or can belarger than, or can be substantially larger than, the cross-sectionalarea of the upper region of the gear 270, or of a tooth 269 of the gear270, and/or of a hole 267 of the gear 270 for receiving the drive shaft278. In some implementations, the pump body 272 is configured so as tofacilitate the flow of the liquid soap L through the opening 263. Incertain embodiments, the opening 263 is configured so as to not retainan air bubble in the pump body 272.

In some embodiments, the opening 263 can be configured to facilitate theliquid soap L flowing into the staging chamber, such as by force ofgravity. As the liquid soap L generally can be rather viscous (e.g.,between about 100 and about 2,500 centipoise), the surface tension ofthe liquid soap L may allow the soap to resist the force of gravity incertain arrangements. For example, when certain kinds of liquid soap aredisposed directly over a hole, the surface tension of the soap may besufficient to counteract the effect of gravity acting to urge the soapthrough the hole. In a soap dispenser, such a configuration can resultin the soap being inhibited from reaching the pump, which can result in,for example, difficulty in priming the pump, reduced soap dispensationvolume, and/or increased pump wear.

Certain embodiments of the pump dispenser 10B can be configured toreduce the likelihood of, or avoid, such surface tension issues. Forexample, in some implementations, the opening 263 can be sufficientlysized and shaped so as to facilitate gravity overcoming the surfacetension of the soap. In certain variants, a first dimension 293 (e.g., adistance generally parallel with a centerline of the outlet 262) of theopening 263 can be greater than or equal to about: 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, 11 mm, 12 mm, 13 mm, 14 mm, 15 mm, 16 mm, 17 mm, 18 mm,19 mm, 20 mm, values in between, or otherwise. In some implementations,a second dimension 294 (e.g., a distance generally perpendicular to thecenterline of the outlet 262) of the opening 263 can be greater than orequal to about: 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, 11 mm, 12 mm, 13mm, 14 mm, 15 mm, 16 mm, 17 mm, 18 mm, 19 mm, 20 mm, values in between,or otherwise. In certain embodiments, the first dimension 293 of theopening 263 can be greater than the second dimension 294 of the opening263. For example, the ratio of the first dimension 293 to the seconddimension 294 can be at least about three to about two. In someembodiments, the ratio of the first dimension 293 to the seconddimension 294 can be about two to about one. In certain variants of theopening 263, the ratio of the first dimension 293 to the seconddimension 294 can be at least about five to about four. In somevariants, the sum of the first and second dimensions 293 and 294 can begreater than or equal to about: 10 mm, 12 mm, 14 mm, 16 mm, 18 mm, 20mm, 25 mm, 30 mm, 35 mm, 40 mm, 45 mm, 50 mm, 55 mm, 60 mm, values inbetween, or otherwise. In some implementations, the opening 263 can beconfigured to receive a cylinder with a diameter that can be greaterthan or equal to about: 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, 14 mm, 16 mm, 18mm, 20 mm, values in between, or otherwise.

In certain embodiments, the opening 263 opens directly into the chamber273. In some embodiments, the opening 263 opens directly into a secondchamber 273′ (see FIG. 32) that houses the gears 270, 270′. Such aconfiguration can, for example, facilitate the liquid soap L flowinginto contact with the gears 270, 270′, which in turn can facilitatepriming of the dispenser 10B. In some variants, when the pump body 272is viewed from a top plan view, a portion of at least one of the gears270, 270′ is visible though the opening 263.

Some methods of priming the dispenser 10B include providing the liquidsoap L in fluid communication with the pump body 272 and allowing air(e.g., some or all) in the pump body 272 to escape the pump body 272.For example, some embodiments are configured to allow the air to escapefrom the pump body 272 via the opening 263. As previously noted, theopening 263 can be configured to inhibit or avoid the formation and/ortrapping of an air bubble that would obstruct (e.g., partially ortotally) the opening 263. Certain implementations can be configured soas to allow some or all of the air to escape from the pump body 272 viaother apertures (e.g., apertures in the sides of the top, bottom, and/orsides of the pump body 272. Some embodiments are configured such thatsome or all of the air can escape from the pump body 272 via the outlet262. Some embodiments of the method of priming include allowing theliquid soap L to enter the pump body 272. In certain embodiments, theliquid soap L can be at a higher elevation than some or all of the pumpbody 272, which can facilitate the liquid soap L being drawn into thepump body 272 by force of gravity.

Certain configurations of the opening 263 can, for example, facilitatethe passage of air (e.g., a bubble) through the opening 263, therebyfacilitating equilibrium between the pump 18 and the reservoir 16Band/or assisting in priming the pump 18. In some embodiments, theopening 263 can have a generally triangular shape. In some embodiments,the opening 263 can have a generally square, elliptical, circular,rectangular, or other regular or irregular polygonal shape. Asillustrated in FIG. 29A, in certain embodiments, the opening 263 caninclude a sloped or angled surface (e.g., about 45°) that is wider incross-section near the exterior than near the interior of the pump body272. For example, in some variants, an inner periphery of the opening263 is not coplanar with an outer periphery of the opening 263.

As illustrated in FIGS. 28 and 29, some embodiments include a flexiblecushion 227 (e.g., made of rubber, silicone, foam, or otherwise), thatcan be positioned on, over, or along some or all of the upper member 264of the pump body 272. Such a configuration can, for example, reduce theamount of noise from the pump 18B that is emitted into the ambientenvironment. In some embodiments, the cushion 227 can be configured toreduce, inhibit, or prevent the transmission of vibration from the pumpbody 272 to other portions of the dispenser (e.g., the reservoir 16B orotherwise) or the surface on which the dispenser rests (e.g., acountertop). In certain embodiments, the cushion 227 can be configuredto substantially conform to the shape of the pump body 272. As shown,the cushion can include a void configured to correspond with the opening163. In certain embodiments, the cushion 227 can include notchedprojections 227′ configured to correspond with the arms 266, which can,e.g., provide clearance for a fastener.

As previously discussed, the pump body 272 can include gears 270, 270′,which can be configured to matingly engage. As will be discussed infurther detail below, certain embodiments can be configured to enhancethe mating engagement of the gears 270, 270′, which in turn can provideincreased pumping power (e.g., the pressure generated by the mating ofthe gears 270, 270′) and/or increase efficiency (e.g., by reducing theamount of soap that passes between the gears and back into the chamber273).

With regard to FIGS. 30 and 31, an embodiment of the driven gear 270 isillustrated. Typically, the slave gear 270′ is substantially similar oridentical to the driven gear 270. As shown, the driven gear 270 caninclude a hole 267 (e.g., to receive the drive shaft 278) and a centralportion 268 with a plurality of teeth 269 around the periphery. Incertain implementations, adjacent teeth 269 can be separated by a root281. In some embodiments, the root 281 can have a root radius R1, whichcan reduce stress concentrations, facilitate mating of the gears 270, orotherwise. In some embodiments, each of the teeth 269 can include a base259, flanks 271, and a tip 277.

In certain embodiments, one or more of the teeth 269 can include a toothwidth W1. The tooth width W1 is generally determined at the widest partof the tooth. In some embodiments, such as illustrated in FIG. 31, thetooth width W1 is determined at a location intermediate the base 259 andthe tip 277. In some embodiments, such as in the frustoconically shapedtooth shown in FIG. 31A, the first width W1 is determined at or near thebase 259.

Each of the teeth 269 can further include a tip width W2. The tip widthW2 is generally the distance between the radially-outward end of theflanks 271. In some embodiments, the tip 277 comprises a relatively flatsection (see FIGS. 9 and 31A) and the tip width W2 can be about thedistance of this flat section. Typically, W2 is less than or equal toabout W1. For example, in some embodiments, W2 can be less than or equalto: about ¼ of W1. In some embodiments, the ratio of W2 to W1 can beabout 1:5, about 1:7.5, about 1:10, about 1:12.5, about 1:15, about1:20, about 1:25, about 1:30, about 1:35, about 1:40, values in between,or otherwise.

In some embodiments, such as is shown in FIG. 31, the tip 277 is asection that is pointed (e.g., rounded, chamfered, or the like). In somesuch embodiments, the tip width W2 can be the distance between therespective locations in which the radially-outward end of the flank 271terminates and the radius, chamfer, or the like begins. For example, inembodiments that have a tip 277 with a tip radius R2, the tip width W2is typically about twice the tip radius R2.

In some embodiments, the tip radius R2 of the tip 277 can be less thanthe root radius R1. Such a configuration can, for example, provide apointed tip 277 and facilitate engagement of the teeth 269 duringoperation of the pump 18B. In some embodiments, the tip radius R2 can beless than or equal to: about ½ of the root radius R1, about ⅓ of theroot radius R1, about ¼ of the root radius R1, about ⅛ of the rootradius R1, about 1/10 of the root radius R1, about 1/16 of the rootradius R1, about 1/20 of the root radius R1, about 1/30 of the rootradius R1, about 1/40 of the root radius R1, about 1/50 of the rootradius R1, values in between, or otherwise.

In certain embodiments, the tip 277 forms a substantially sharp orpointed peak. For example, in some embodiments, a slanted left side of atooth and a generally oppositely slanted right side of the tooth caneach converge at approximately the same point on the end of the tooth.In some embodiments, the tip radius R2 can be less than or equal to:about 0.5 mm, about 0.4 mm, about 0.3 mm, about 0.2 mm, about 0.1 mm,about 0.05 mm, about zero, values in between, or otherwise. Certainconventional wisdom discouraged the use of gears having substantiallysharp and/or pointed tips because, for example, such tips could be proneto breaking. Further, substantially sharp and/or pointed tips could bethought to wear more quickly than tips that are flattened.

However, employing gears with substantially sharp and/or pointed tips ina soap dispenser can provide substantial benefits. For example, the tip277 being pointed can, for example, increase the pumping ability (e.g.,the pressure generated by the mating of the gears 270, 270′) of the pump18B. As shown in FIG. 32, the gears 270, 270′ of the pump 18B can beconfigured to rotate into contact with, or very close to, one another.Typically, as the gears engage, the volume between the tip 277 of onegear and the root 281 of the other gear decreases. Such a decrease involume can result in an increased pressure area 257, which in turn canencourage fluid (e.g., soap) to flow toward the outlet 262. In general,the more fully the teeth 269 of the gears 270, 270′ engage each other,the greater the increase in pressure in the area 257. In certainembodiments, gears with teeth 269 having pointed tips 277 more fullyengage (e.g., have a greater percent of contact with) the mating teethcompared to, for example, gears with teeth 269 having flat tips 277. Forexample, certain embodiments of the pointed tips 277 project furthertoward the root 281 than the flat tips 277. At least due to suchincreased engagement, certain embodiments of the gears 270, 270′ havingteeth 269 with pointed tip 277 can facilitate increasing the pressure inthe increased pressure area 257.

In some instances, a pointed tip 277 can increase the efficiency of thepump 18B. In embodiments having a flat tip 277, soap can be trapped orotherwise disposed between the flat tip 277 of one gear and the root 281of the mating gear, which can result in soap being carried through themating portion of the gears 270, 270′ and back into the chamber 273,rather than the soap being expelled out the pump outlet 262. Incontrast, a pointed tip 277 can allow the gears 270, 270′ to more fullyengage. For example, the pointed tip 277 can reduce the volume availablefor soap to be present between the tip 277 of one gear and the root 281of the mating gear tip 277. Thus, the likelihood and/or the volume ofsoap carried through the mating portion of the gears 270, 270′ and backinto the chamber 273 can be reduced, thereby increasing the efficiencyof the pump 18B.

As previously noted, the pump body 272 can include the chamber 273,which can be in communication with inlet 263. Further, in someembodiments, the pump body 272 can include the second chamber 273′. Thesecond chamber 273′ can house the gears 270, 270′ and can be incommunication with the inlet 262, outlet 262, and/or chamber 273. Asshown in FIG. 32, in certain embodiments, together the chambers 273,273′ form an overall figure-eight shape. Such a configuration can, forexample, provide space for staging soap in the pump body 272 and spacefor housing and operation of the gears. In some embodiments, the chamber273 can be smaller than the second chamber 273′. In certainimplementations, the chamber 273 can hold less soap than the secondchamber 273′. In some embodiments, the chamber 273 can hold about asmuch soap as the second chamber 273′.

In some embodiments, the passage between the chamber 273 and the secondchamber 273′ can be configured such that the liquid soap L can readilypass therethrough. For example, in some variants, the passage betweenthe chamber 273 and the second chamber 273′ can be configured such thatthe weight of liquid soap L in the chamber 273 overcomes the surfacetension of the liquid soap L and thus moves the soap into a portion ofthe second chamber 273′. Accordingly, the passage can be configured soas to reduce or avoid the chance of surface tension of the soapinhibiting the soap from reaching the gears 270, 270′. In certainembodiments, the width of the passage (indicated by the dashed line inFIG. 32) can be greater than or equal to the first dimension 293 and/orthe second dimension 294 of the opening 263.

With reference to FIGS. 33-36, another embodiment of a dispenser isidentified generally by the reference numeral 10D. The dispenser 10D caninclude a housing 12D, which in turn can include a lower portion 100D,an upper portion 110D, reservoir 16D, and a nozzle 28D. Some of thecomponents of the dispenser 10D can be the same, similar, or identicalto the corresponding components of the dispensers discussed above. Someof these corresponding components are identified with the same referencenumeral, except that a “D” has been added thereto and/or has replacedthe “A,” “B,” or “C.”

In certain embodiments, the dispenser 10D has a sensor device 32D. Thesensor 32D can be configured to emit a trigger signal used to controloperation of a motor or an actuator. In some embodiments, the sensor 32Dcan be an interrupt-type sensor. The sensor 32D can be triggered when abody part is disposed in the path of a beam of light 44D or some othermechanism interrupts the light beam 44D. In some embodiments, the sensor32D can be a proximity sensor or a reflective type sensor that isconfigured to send a different signal to the ECU based on the distancebetween an object and the sensor. For the purposes of simplifying theexamples described below, a hand H is used to trigger the sensor 32D,but any number of other objects or mechanisms could be used to triggerthe sensor 32D.

The sensor 32D can be positioned along any portion of the housingsurface or the sensor can be a separate component. As shown in FIGS.33-36, the sensor 32D can be on the upper portion 110D of the soapdispenser. The sensor 32D can be positioned along a surface that isgenerally transverse to the longitudinal axis of the soap dispenser. Thesensor 32D can be positioned near the nozzle 28D. The sensor 32D can bepositioned such that the sensor detects the hand H when the hand ispositioned under the nozzle 28D.

In some embodiments, the dispenser 10D can include one or more sensingregions 41D to trigger one or more sensor devices 32D. If a signal isdetected in a sensing region, the sensor can trigger the dispenser toperform a specific operation based on the particular signal. Forexample, the specific operation may vary based on the distance between ahand H and the sensor 32D, and/or other parameters such as angle,duration, repetition, path of motion, and/or speed of motion. Alldescriptions of changing dispensing performance based on sensing regionsincluded herein can be applied for use with these or other parametersbesides or in addition to sensing regions.

The one or more sensing regions 41D may take on any shape, width,height, or length. The one or more sensing regions 41D can be positionedin any number of configurations in relation to each other and thedispenser 10D and are not limited to the regions depicted in FIGS.33-36. In some embodiments, a first sensing region 41Da can bepositioned adjacent to or near a second sensing region 41Db; while insome embodiments, the first sensing region 41Da is not positionedadjacent to or near the second sensing region 41Db. The first and secondsensing regions 41Da, 41Db can be disposed in proximity to any portionof the housing 12D. In some embodiments, one or more sensing regions 41Dare positioned in an area that is between the nozzle 28D and the lowerportion 100D, while in some embodiments, one or more sensing regions 41Dare positioned in an area that is above the upper portion 110D of thedispenser 10D.

The one or more sensing regions 41D can be used in any type ofconfiguration that allows the user to control an aspect of the operationof the dispenser 10D. For example, the one or more sensing regions 41Dcan be used to trigger the dispenser 10D to dispense different volumesof liquid L, activate different duty cycle characteristics, dispense atdifferent speeds, operate for varying durations of time, or otherappropriate parameters. The examples below will be explained in thecontext of a dispenser 10D configured to dispense different volumes ofliquid, but the dispenser can be configured to dispense liquid with oneor more of any of the outputs described above.

These features allow the same touch-free dispenser to be used bydifferent users who may desire different outputs or by the same user fordifferent purposes without requiring direct physical contact between thehands and a physical pump switch or other adjustment. For example, anadult and a child can use the same dispenser to obtain a volume ofliquid soap that is proportional to their hand size or the same personcan adjust the volume of soap dispensed depending on how dirty his/herhands are. A user can also use the same touch-free soap dispenser towash his/her hands or wash a kitchen sink full of dishes.

In several embodiments, the one or more sensing regions 41D can beconfigured to allow a user to select different volumes of liquid L to bedispensed from the nozzle 28D during each dispensation cycle. As shownin FIGS. 33 and 35, no liquid is dispensed when no signal is detectedwithin any of the sensing regions 41D. On the other hand, in FIGS. 34and 36, a predetermined volume of liquid L is dispensed when a signal isdetected within one of the sensing regions 41D. As illustrated in FIG.34, when a signal is detected in a sensing region 41Db, the sensor 32Dtriggers the dispenser 10D to dispense a first predetermined volume ofliquid L1 from the nozzle 28D. In FIG. 36, when a signal is detected ina different sensing region 41De, the sensor triggers the dispenser todispense a second predetermined volume of liquid L2 from the nozzle 28Dthat is different from the first volume of liquid L1.

In some embodiments, when a signal indicating that an object is disposedin a first region (e.g., relative to the sensor) is received, a firstvolume of liquid dispensed. In some embodiments, when a signalindicating that an object is disposed in a second region (e.g., furtherfrom the sensor than the first region) is received, a second volume ofliquid is dispensed. In certain embodiments, the second volume is largerthan the first volume. One or more additional sensing regions and liquidvolumes can be used. In certain implementations, the volume of liquiddispensed is related (e.g., linearly, exponentially, or otherwise) tothe distance from the sensor to the object. For example, in certainembodiments, the volume of liquid dispensed increases as the distancefrom the sensor to the object increases. In some embodiments, the volumeof liquid dispensed decreases as the distance from the sensor to theobject increases.

In some embodiments, the one or more sensing regions are positioned in amanner that corresponds with natural human conduct or instinct. Forexample, a child may be more inclined to hold his/her hands closer tothe nozzle, so, in some embodiments, a sensing region positioned closerto the nozzle would dispense a smaller volume of liquid than a sensingregion positioned further away from the nozzle.

In some embodiments, the volume of dispensed liquid does not dependsolely or at all on the length of time that the object remains in thesensing region. The dispensed volumes can differ depending on thelocation of the object (e.g., hand) in a different sensing region, evenif certain other parameters are the same (such as the length of timethat the object is sensed in a region).

In some embodiments, the dispenser 10D includes an algorithm configuredto send a command to trigger the dispenser to dispense different volumesof liquid based on the detected signal. For example, the algorithm cansend a command to trigger the dispenser to dispense a firstpre-determined volume of liquid L1 if a signal is detected in a firstsensing region 41Da, or the algorithm can send a command to trigger thedispenser to dispense a second pre-determined volume of liquid L2 if asignal is detected in the second sensing region 41Db.

In some embodiments, the algorithm can incorporate a delay thatdeactivates the sensor or otherwise prevents the dispenser fromdispensing liquid immediately after the dispenser dispenses liquid. Thedelay may be may be for 1 second, 5 seconds, or any other amount oftime. The delay helps prevent the user from unintentionally triggeringthe dispenser. For example, after the user triggers the dispenser todispense liquid, the algorithm commands the sensor to deactivate for thedelay period. During the delay period, the dispenser will not dispenseliquid even if an object is in a sensing region during the delay period.If the user places his/her hand in a sensing region after the delayperiod, the dispenser will dispense liquid again.

In some embodiments, the one or more sensing regions 41D can be used forallowing a user to select different modes of dispensing liquid L. When asignal is detected in the first sensing region 41Da, the sensor 32Dtriggers the dispenser 10D to dispense a first predetermined volume ofliquid L1 in normal mode. In normal mode, the dispenser 10D isconfigured to dispense a pre-determined volume of liquid L1 suitable forwashing a user's hands. When a signal is detected in the second sensingregion 41Db, the sensor 32D triggers the dispenser 10D to dispenseliquid L in extended chore mode. In extended chore mode, the dispenser10D is configured to continuously dispense and/or an increased amount(e.g., a maximum predetermined amount of liquid). This may be helpfulif, for example, the user wishes to fill a sink full of soapy water forwashing dishes. In some embodiments, the volume of dispensed liquid doesnot depend solely or at all on the length of time that the objectremains in the sensing region. In some embodiments, the dispenser 10Dmay continue to dispense liquid as long as a hand is detected in secondsensing region 41Db.

In some embodiments, the dispenser 10D may have a first and secondsensing regions configured to operate in normal mode, and a third sensorregion configured to operate in extended chore mode.

In some embodiments, the one or more sensing regions can be positionedin a manner that corresponds with natural human conduct or instinct. Forexample, a user may not want to place his/her hand underneath the nozzleto activate the extended chore mode if the user does not want soap onhis/her hands. Thus, the sensing region associated with extended choremode may be positioned above the upper portion of the dispenser 10D orin proximity to the housing in an area that is not in the path ofdispensed liquid.

In some embodiments, the dispenser 10D includes an algorithm configuredto send a command to trigger the dispenser to dispense liquid in normalmode, extended chore mode, or any other mode. For example, the algorithmcan send a command to trigger the dispenser to dispense a liquid innormal mode if a signal is detected in a first sensing region 41Da, orthe algorithm can send a command to trigger the dispenser to dispense aliquid in extended chore mode if a signal is detected in the secondsensing region 41Db.

In some embodiments, the one or more sensing regions 41D correspond withdifferent types of dispensing liquid. For example, when a signal isdetecting in the first sensing region 41Da, the sensor 32D triggers thedispenser 10D to dispense a first type of liquid, such as soap. When asignal is detected in the second sensing region 41Db, the sensor 32Dtriggers the dispenser 10D to dispense a second type of liquid, such aslotion.

In some embodiments, the dispenser 10D includes an algorithm configuredto send a command to trigger the dispenser to dispense different typesof liquid based on the detected signal. For example, the algorithm cansend a command to trigger the dispenser to dispense a first type ofliquid, such as soap, if a signal is detected in a first sensing region41Da, or the algorithm can send a command to trigger the dispenser todispense a second type of liquid, such as lotion, if a signal isdetected in the second sensing region 41Db.

In some embodiments, the dispenser 10D only comprises one sensingregion. The dispenser can be configured to dispense varying volumes ofliquid, based on the signal detected in the sensing region. For example,the dispenser can dispense a first amount of liquid if the hand ispositioned at a first angle in the sensing region, and the dispenser candispense a second amount of liquid if the hand is positioned at a secondangle in the sensing region. In another example, the dispenser candispense a first amount of liquid if the hand performs a first motion inthe sensing region, and the dispenser can dispense a second amount ofliquid if the hand performs a second motion in the sensing region.

In some embodiments, the dispenser 10D comprises a first sensing regionand a second sensing region, and the dispenser is configured to dispensea predetermined volume of liquid, depending on the angle of the hand orthe hand motion in a first sensing region or a second sensing region.

In some embodiments, the dispenser 10D may comprise a mechanism tocalibrate the different sensing regions with different outputcharacteristics as desired by the user. For example, a user couldconfigure a first sensing region to correspond with a firstuser-selected volume of liquid L1 and configure a second sensing regionto correspond with a second user-selected volume of liquid L2. Inanother example, the user could adjust the size (e.g., width or height)of the sensing region. The user could designate a first user-selectedsensing region to correspond with a first pre-determined volume ofliquid L1 and designate a second user-selected sensing region tocorrespond with a second pre-determined volume of liquid L2. Thiscalibration mode can be triggered by pressing a button, activating asensor, or any other appropriate mechanisms.

In several embodiments, the dispenser 10D includes an algorithmconfigured to send commands to the ECU when a signal indicates that anobject is disposed in a sensing region. An example of such an algorithmis illustrated FIG. 37. The command may vary based on the signalreceived. The signal may be dependent on the distance between an objectand the sensor, and/or other parameters such as angle, duration,repetition, path of motion, and/or speed of motion. In some embodiments,the algorithm can include a module 300 configured to dispense differentvolumes of liquid L. The module 300 may be configured to dispensedifferent types of liquid, vary the duty cycle, or operate for varyingdurations.

Module 300 begins at start block 302, and in operation block 304, themodule 300 initializes hardware and variables. In decision block 306,the module 300 determines whether a signal has been received from afirst sensing region. If a signal is detected in the first sensingregion, the module 300 commands the dispenser to dispense a first amountof liquid L1 as shown in operation block 308.

If a signal is not detected in a first sensing region, the module 300determines whether a signal has been received from a second sensingregion in decision block 310. If a signal is detected in a secondsensing region, the module 300 commands the dispenser to dispense asecond amount of liquid L2 as shown in operation block 312.

If a signal is not detected in a second sensing region, the module 300determines whether a signal has been detected for extended chore mode indecision block 314. In extended chore mode, the dispenser configured todispense a predetermined maximum or at least an increased amount ofliquid L3. In some implementations, the amount dispensed during adispensation cycle is bounded by an upper dispensation limit, such asgreater than or equal to about 20 ml. The module 300 does not need toinclude all of the blocks described above, or it may include more ordifferent decision blocks, such as to account for more sensing regionsor other parameters to detect.

FIG. 38 illustrates yet another embodiment of the previously discussedelectrically operated soap dispenser 10. In the illustrated embodiment,the electronically operated soap dispenser 10E includes a pump unit 1001and a cartridge 1002. Some of the components of the dispenser 10E can bethe same, similar, or identical to the corresponding components of anyof the other dispensers discussed above. As discussed previously withregard to the dispenser 10 the pump unit 1001 can include a pump, fluiddispensing valve, proximity sensor, and electronic components. Thecartridge 1002 can be configured to be removable from the pump unit1001. In some embodiments, the cartridge 1002 can include a reservoir1008 that contains soap to be dispensed by the pump unit 1001. In someembodiments, the cartridge 1002 can include a reservoir 1008 and a powersource 1003, wherein the power source 1003 is configured to power thepump unit 1001.

In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 38, the cartridge 1002 can beconfigured to engage with a bottom portion of the pump unit 1001.However, other configurations can be used, such as the cartridge 1002configured to engage with a top or a side portion of the pump unit 1001.The pump unit 1001 and the cartridge 1002 can include removably lockingfeatures (not illustrated) so that the cartridge 1002 removably engageswith the pump unit 1001.

In some embodiments, the pump unit 1001 can include a pump 1009 and asoap inlet 1004, wherein the soap inlet 1004 can be configured to flowsoap to the pump 1009. In certain embodiments, the soap inlet 1004 canprotrude out to engage with a valve 1005 of the cartridge 1002 so thatthe soap inlet 1004 and the valve 1005 are configured to be in fluidcommunications. The valve 1005 can be a one-way valve so that the soapis designed to flow to the pump unit 1001 and not leak in otherdirections. Of course, other engagement configurations can be used wherethe soap inlet 1004 is a recess and the valve 1005 protrudes.

In some embodiments, the valve 1005 can include a seal that initiallyseals the valve 1005 of the cartridge 1002. In some embodiments, theseal is punctured by the soap inlet 1004 when the cartridge 1002 engagesthe pump unit 1001 so that the soap inlet 1004 and the valve 1005 can bein fluid communication. The seal can be incorporated with the valve1005. The engagement of the cartridge 1002 and the pump unit 1001 can beguided so that the soap inlet 1004 and the valve 1005 are generallyaligned and the seal is easily broken.

In some embodiments, the cartridge 1002 can include the reservoir 1008for soap and the power source 1003. The power source 1003 can be adisposable power source, such as a battery. The power source 1003 caninclude electrical contacts 1006 that engage with pump unit electricalcontacts 1007 to complete a circuit and provide power to the pump unit1001. The electrical contacts 1006 and 1007 can be traditional batterycontacts such as electrically conducting springs, plates, etc. The pumpunit 1001 can be powered off when the cartridge 1002 is disengaged.

In some embodiments, the amount of soap and the stored power within thepower source 1003 can be designed to be exhausted at about the sametime. The time to exhaust the soap and the power source 1003 can be fromabout 3 months to about 12 months during normal use (operations of theabout 10 times a day) of the dispenser 10E. In some embodiments, theamount of soap dispensed by the dispenser 10E is fixed so that thenumber of dispenses of soap from the reservoir 1008 is known. The amountof electric capacity within the power source 1003 can then be configuredto be exhausted at about the same time as the amount of soap in thereservoir 1008. In some embodiments, the amount of soap dispensed can bevaried and the amount of soap and the power within the power source 1003can be exhausted at different times. The user replaces the cartridge1002 when either the soap or power source 1003 (or both) is exhausted.The simple replacement of the cartridge 1002 allows the user from havingto manually replenish the soap or having to replace the batteries in thedispenser 10E, which occur most likely at different times.

With reference to FIGS. 39-44, another embodiment of a dispenser isidentified generally by the reference numeral 1110. The dispenser 1100can include a housing portion 1112, which in turn can include areservoir 1116, a pump 1118, and a nozzle 1128. In some embodiments, asensor 1132 is positioned on the housing portion, for example, near thenozzle 1128 as shown in FIG. 42 or any other position described herein.Some of the components of the dispenser 1110 can be the same, similar,or identical to the corresponding components of the dispensers discussedabove.

As discussed above, in several embodiments the dispenser 1100 caninclude a lid 1122, as shown in FIG. 39, which can be configured to forma seal at the top of the reservoir 1116 for maintaining the liquid soapL within the reservoir 1116. In some embodiments, the lid 1122 caninclude an air vent (not shown), which can allow air to enter thereservoir 1116 as the level of liquid soap L falls within the reservoir1116 such as during the course of use of the dispenser 1100. In someembodiments, the lid 1122 can be movable but generally non-removablefrom the dispenser 1100. For example, the lid 1122 can be a pivotable,as shown in FIG. 43. A non-removable lid can be desirable as it canreduce the chance that the user will misplace the lid. When the lid 1122is moved to an open position, the user can refill the reservoir 1116. Aportion of the lid 1122 may include an engagement member, such asprotruding portion 1138 that engages (e.g., snaps together) with arecess 1134, to keep the lid 1122 from opening unintentionally. Theprotruding portion 1138 may be offset or protrude from the outer edge1136 of the lid, so the user can readily manipulate (e.g., push or pullon the outer edge 1136 of the lid). In some embodiments, the lid 1122may be opened with the press of a button or by triggering a sensor.

In certain embodiments, the lid 1122 can be biased (e.g. by a spring).For example, in some embodiments, the lid 1122 can be biased toward theopen position. In some variants, the lid can be biased toward the closedposition. In certain embodiments, the lid can be configured to open whena user pushes on the lid 1122. In some embodiments, the reservoir 1116can include an opening 1135 configured to be partly or entirely coveredby the lid 1122. Some embodiments of the opening 1135 can be configuredto facilitate loading of liquid soap L into the reservoir 1116 via theopening 1135. For example, the opening 1135 can have a first dimensionD1 (e.g., generally parallel with the front of the dispenser 1110) thatis greater than or equal to a second dimension D2 (e.g., generallyperpendicular to the front of the dispenser 1110). In some embodiments,the first diameter D1 or widest dimension of the opening 1135 is atleast about 1 inch, about 2 inches, or about equal to the length of afrontward edge 1137 (FIG. 44). In some embodiments, as illustrated, thelid 1122 encompasses less than the entire top surface of the dispenser1110, such as less than or equal to about half of the top surface of thedispenser. In some embodiments, the lid 1122 can have at least a portionthat corresponds to an outer shape (e.g., a curve) of the top region orother adjacent portion of the dispenser 1110, and/or the lid 1122 has atleast a portion (e.g., a generally straight line) that does notcorrespond to an outer shape of the top region or other adjacent portionof the dispenser 1110.

As noted above, in several embodiments, the dispenser 1110 can include aprocessor, which can control and/or report, by various components,schemes, and algorithms, input and output characteristics and functionsof the dispenser 1110. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 42, one ormore wires 1120 can carry signals between, for example, the processorand the sensor 1132. In some variants, based on the signal received fromthe sensor, the processor can signal the pump 1118 to dispense differentvolumes of liquid soap L, activate different duty cycle characteristics,increase or decrease the dispensation speeds, operate for greater orlesser durations of time, or other appropriate parameters.

In some embodiments, the dispenser 1110 can include a user input device1152, such as a button, dial, switch, or otherwise. The user inputdevice 1152 can provide a signal to the processor, such as to manuallyoperate the dispenser 1110 to continuously discharge or discharge largeramounts of liquid soap L when desired. For example, if a user of thedispenser 1110 wishes to fill a sink full of soapy water for washingdishes, the user can simply push the user input device 1152 and dispensea larger amount of soap than would normally be used for washing one'shands, such as at least about 3 milliliters or at least about 4milliliters. In certain configurations, the input device 1152 can have agenerally low profile. For example, an upper surface of the user inputdevice 1152 can be flush or about flush with an upper surface of the lid1122 when the lid 1122 is closed. In some embodiments, the surface areaof the upper surface of the user input device 1152 can be greater thanor equal to the surface area of the upper surface of the lid 1122, whichcan provide for ready manipulation of the user input device 1152.

In some embodiments, the dispenser 1110 can include memory, such asfirmware, to store the various control schemes and algorithms, as wellcertain instructions and/or settings related to various characteristicsof the dispenser 1110. For example, the memory can include instructionsand/or settings regarding the size of the sensing regions, thesensitivity of the sensors, the volume and/or rate of liquid soapdispensed, duty cycle characteristics, the length of various timers, andotherwise.

In some embodiments, the dispenser 1110 can include a power adjustmentdevice, such as a button 1131. In some implementations, alternatinglytoggling (e.g., pressing) the button 1131 energizes and de-energizes thedispenser 1110. In some variants, momentary toggling of the button 1131results in the dispenser 1110 entering a lower power consumption mode,which can enhance the life of the power source.

In several embodiments, the dispenser 1110 can include a port 1130, suchas a universal serial bus (USB) port, as shown in FIG. 40. The port 1130can be configured to permanently or removably receive a connectorcoupled with a wire or cable (not shown). In some embodiments, the port1130 is configured to allow electrical potential to pass to a soapdispenser power source via the connector. In some embodiments, the portis configured to facilitate charging or recharging of the soap dispenserpower source.

In some embodiments, the dispenser 1110 can be configured such that auser can modify (e.g., update, program, or otherwise) the memory, suchas by connecting the dispenser 1110 to a computer. In some embodiments,the dispenser 1110 can be communicatively connected with a computer viathe port 1130 (e.g., using a USB/cable). In certain instances, data canbe transferred between the computer and the dispenser 1110 via the port1130. In some embodiments, the dispenser 1110 is configured tocommunicate with a computer wirelessly, such as by a cellular, Wi-Fi, orBluetooth® network, infrared, or otherwise.

In some embodiments, when the dispenser 1110 is in communication withthe computer, a control panel may be displayed on a display deviceassociated with the computer. The control panel may allow the user toadjust various input and output characteristics for the dispenser 1110.For example, in some embodiments, a user can use the control panel toadjust the volume of liquid soap dispensed from nozzle 1128. In certainembodiments, the dispenser 1110 can include first and second sensingregions and the user can configure the volumes of liquid soap associatedwith the first and second sensing regions. In some examples, the usercan adjust the size (e.g., depth, width, and/or height) of one or moreof the sensing regions. In some implementations, the user can use thecontrol panel to modify the operation and output (e.g., volume or rate)of soap dispensed based on certain conditions, such as the amount ofbattery power remaining, the amount of liquid soap estimated to beremaining in the reservoir 1116, and otherwise. In certain variants, theability to modify the operational parameters of the dispenser 1110 withthe control panel can reduce or obviate the need for one or moreadjustment devices (e.g., buttons, knobs, switches, or the like) on thedispenser 1110, thereby providing a generally uniform exterior surfaceof dispenser 1110 (which can facilitate cleaning) and reducing thechance of unintentional adjustment of the operational parameters (suchas when transporting the dispenser 1110).

In some embodiments, when the dispenser 1110 is in communication withthe computer, data can be transferred from the dispenser 1110 to thecomputer. For example, in some embodiments, the dispenser 1110 cantransfer data, such as power consumption, estimated remaining batterypower, the number of activations of the dispenser 1110, rate, amount,and/or frequency of soap consumption, and otherwise. In certainembodiments, software can be used to analyze the transferred data, suchas to calculate usage statistics (e.g., during specific periods),recognize and/or draw attention to unusual activity, and producegraphical representations of the data (e.g., charts, graphs, or thelike). Transferring usage statistics from the dispenser 1110 to thecomputer can allow the user to monitor usage and enables the user tocalibrate different characteristics of the dispenser 1110 (e.g., basedon previous usage and parameters). In certain embodiments, transferringdata from the dispenser 1110 to the computer can reduce or avoid theneed for one or more adjustment or display devices on the dispenser 1110itself.

In some embodiments, when the dispenser 1110 is in communication withthe computer, the dispenser 1110 can transfer data to the computer andthe computer transfers data to the dispenser 1110. Furthermore, in someembodiments, when the dispenser 1110 is in communication with thecomputer, electrical potential can be provided to the soap dispenserpower source before, during, or after such two-way data transfer. Theelectronic interfacing, control, and/or reporting described herein inconnection with the dispenser can be used with many other electricaldevices, including houseware devices, such as trashcans, mirrors,cooking devices (e.g., ovens, stones, toasters, etc.), refrigerators,etc.

With reference to FIGS. 45-54, another embodiment of a dispenser isidentified generally by the reference numeral 1210. The dispenser 1210can include a lower portion 1213 b, an upper portion 1213 a, a reservoir1216, and dispensing portion 1227 with a nozzle 1228. In someembodiments, a sensor 1232 can be positioned on the dispenser 1210, forexample, on the bottom portion of the dispensing portion 1227 as shownin FIG. 46. In several embodiments, the lower portion 1213 b comprisesthe reservoir 1216. In some embodiments, the entire lower portion 1213 bcan be the reservoir 1216. The reservoir 1216 can be configured fordisposable, one-time use with a temporarily sealed soap-containingportion that is discarded when the soap supply is exhausted. Some of thecomponents of the dispenser 1210 can be the same, similar, or identicalto the corresponding components of the dispensers discussed above.

In some embodiments, the upper portion 1213 a comprises a lid 1222configured to open to allow access to the reservoir 1216 (e.g., foradding liquid soap L to the reservoir 1216) and to close (e.g., formaintaining the liquid soap L within the reservoir 1216). In someembodiments, the lid 1222 can be pivotable. For example, in someembodiments, the lid 1222 can be pivotable about an axis generallyparallel to the front of the dispenser 1210. The lid 1222 may be openedby any of the mechanisms discussed above, such as by pushing or pullingon the lid 1222, pressing a button, triggering a sensor, or otherwise.

In several embodiments, the upper portion 1213 a comprises some or allof the components that draw, pump, dispense the soap, and/or that powerand control the dispenser 1210. For example, in certain variants, theupper portion 1213 a can include the nozzle 1228, the sensor 1232, apump 1218, a conduit 1226, a power supply, an actuator, and/or anelectronic control unit. As shown in FIG. 46, a cover 1240 can partlycover certain components, such as the pump 1218, power supply, actuator,and/or electronic control unit. As described above, the electroniccontrol unit may comprise control circuits, a processor, and memorydevices for storing and performing control routines.

In some embodiments, the dispenser 1210 can include a user input device1252, such as a button, dial, switch, or otherwise. The user inputdevice 1252 can provide a signal to the processor, such as to manuallyoperate the dispenser 1210 to continuously discharge or discharge largeramounts of liquid soap L when desired. For example, if a user of thedispenser 1210 wishes to fill a sink full of soapy water for washingdishes, the user can simply push the user input device 1252 and dispensea larger amount of soap than would normally be used for washing one'shands, such as at least about 3 milliliters or at least about 4milliliters. In certain configurations, the input device 1252 can have agenerally low profile. For example, an upper surface of the user inputdevice 1252 can be flush or about flush with an upper surface of the lid1222 when the lid 1222 is closed. In some embodiments, the surface areaof the upper surface of the user input device 1252 is greater than orequal to the surface area of the upper surface of the lid 1222, whichcan provide for ready manipulation of the user input device 1252.

As illustrated in FIGS. 46A-B, in some embodiments, the upper portion1213 a and the lower portion 1213 b can detach from each other. Inseveral embodiments, it may be desirable to have a detachable reservoir1216. For example, the detachable reservoir 1216 can allow the user toreplace the lower portion 1213 b with a new, fresh, or pre-filled lowerportion 1213 b. For example, a user may purchase several lower portions1213 b, which may be pre-filled with liquid soap. When a particularlower portion 1213 b has been spent (e.g., the soap of the lower portion1213 b has been consumed) then the user may remove the upper portion1213 a from the used lower portion 1213 b and engage the upper portion1213 a with an unused or at least not empty lower portion 1213 b,thereby providing a generally uninterrupted supply of soap. As someembodiments house the components for pumping and dispensing soap in theupper portion 1213 a, the same upper portion 1213 a can be used againand again with various lower portions 1213 b. Further, the arrangementof having the components for pumping soap in the upper portion 1213 acan provide a convenient assembly (e.g., a single generally containedunit) to move between lower portions 1213 b. Thus, certain embodimentscan allow users to replenish the liquid soap L without pouring anyliquid soap L out of a container and potentially creating a mess. Insome embodiments, the dispenser can indicate (such as visibly oraudibly, by a light or a speaker) that the soap supply has diminished toa pre-determined level so that a new disposable portion, pre-filled withsoap can be purchased in the near future.

In several embodiments, it may be desirable to have a dispenser 1210with a detachable lower portion 1213 b, as shown in FIG. 55. In someembodiments, the lower portion 1213 b comprises a reservoir 1216configured to receive liquid soap L. In these embodiments, the user isable to replace the lower portion 1213 b when the soap is exhausted. Incertain scenarios, it may be desirable to position the reservoir 1216 ina lower portion of the dispenser 1210, so the reservoir 1216 is easierto access and replace.

In some embodiments, the lower portion 1213 b includes a power source.In some embodiments, the power source can be disposable. In someembodiments, the power source comprises one or more batteries. Incertain variants, the batteries are charged by, an electrical connectionto a domestic power supply, such as a standard wall outlet. The powersource can include electrical contacts that engage with the upperportion 1213 a to complete a circuit and provide electrical power to thedispenser 1210. In some embodiments, the dispenser 1210 can bede-powered when the upper and lower portions 1213 a, 1213 b aredisengaged.

In several embodiments, the lower portion 1213 b can be configured toengage with the upper portion 1213 a. The upper portion 1213 a and lowerportion 1213 b can include engagement features configured to maintainthe lower portion 1213 b in engagement the upper portion 1213 a. Forexample, one or both of the upper and lower portions can include matingtabs and slots, ball detents, or otherwise. As illustrated, the outershape and contours of the lower portion 1213 b can generally correspondto the outer shape and controls of the upper portion 1213 a.

FIGS. 51-54 illustrate an embodiment of the pump 1218. In severalembodiments, the pump 1218 can be a gear pump and can comprise a pair ofgears 1270 and a pump body 1272. In some embodiments, other type ofpumps can be used, such as diaphragm pumps, centrifugal pumps, etc. Insome embodiments, the pump 1218 can include an inlet and an outlet. Theinlet can connect to a conduit 1226 b for receiving liquid soap L fromthe reservoir 1216. The outlet can connect to a conduit 1226 a fordelivering liquid soap L to the nozzle 1228 d. In some embodiments, asshown in FIGS. 49-50, liquid soap L is encouraged out of the pump 1218in generally a vertical pathway from the conduit 1226 a. In someembodiments, the soap dispenser 1210 can be taller than it is wide(e.g., front to back), thus horizontal space may be more at a premiumthan vertical space. Accordingly, in certain variants, arranging theliquid soap to exit via a connector 1271 that extends generally verticalcan provide a more efficient use of space compared to embodiments havinga connector that extends generally horizontally. In some embodiments,the generally vertically extending connector 1271 may be desirable tohelp decrease the size of the soap dispenser 1220.

In several embodiments, when the upper portion 1213 a is engaged withthe lower portion 1213 b, conduit 1226 b extends into the liquid soap Lin reservoir 1216. The conduit 1226 b can be configured such that an endof the conduit 1226 b is positioned at or near the bottom of the lowerportion 1213 b when the upper and lower portions are coupled together.In this configuration, the pump 1218 can be disposed generally above theliquid soap L. The pump 1218 drives liquid soap L from the reservoir,through the pump 1218, and out of the nozzle 1228.

With reference to FIG. 55, another embodiment is illustrated with aremovable fluid-containing cartridge. As with other embodimentsdisclosed herein, the features, structures, steps, and/or processes ofthe embodiments of FIG. 55 and related disclosure can be used inaddition to or instead of those in other embodiments, such as theembodiment shown in FIG. 38. Some dispensers include a pump unit 1001and a removable cartridge 1002. In some embodiments, the cartridge canbe configured to be disposable, such as after a single use or after theuse of a certain volume of soap.

In some embodiments, the dispenser can be replenished by replacing or atleast partially refilling the cartridge. For example, when a fluidvolume of liquid (e.g., liquid soap) in a first cartridge is exhaustedor at least drops below a limit, then the first cartridge can be removedand/or replaced with a second cartridge. In some variants, when thefirst cartridge includes a power source, such as a battery, and can bereplaced when a condition occurs (e.g., a certain number ofdispensations has occurred, the amount of power remaining in the powersource is determined to be below a limit, etc.).

The cartridge 1002 can be configured to engage with the pump unit 1001in various configurations. For example, the cartridge 1002 can engage abottom portion of the pump unit 1001 (see FIG. 38), a top portion of thepump unit 1001 (see FIG. 55), or any other portion or combination ofportions of the pump unit 1001, such as the front, rear, and/or side.The cartridge 1002 can engage the pump unit 1001 using any type ofremovable connection, such as with magnets, clips, snaps, a screw-fit,an interference fit, one or more spring-loaded buttons or sliders, orotherwise. In some embodiments, the cartridge 1002 or pump unit 1001 canincludes one or more first attachment structures such as arms, fins,ribs, struts, detents, bosses, or the like that are configured to bereceived in corresponding second attachment structures such as recesses,notches, grooves, or the like in the other of the cartridge 1002 andpump unit 1001. Generally, the cartridge 1002 engages the pump unit 1001such that a fluid or a liquid, and/or electrical power, can flow fromthe cartridge 1002 and into the pump unit 1001.

In some embodiments, the cartridge 1002 contains at least one fluid,such as soap, lotion, and/or sanitizer. In certain implementations, thecartridge 1002 can include a power source, such as a battery. Somevariants of the cartridge 1002 can indicate one or more properties ofthe cartridge 1002 contents to the pump unit 1001. For example, in someembodiments, the cartridge 1002 can indicate the contents of thecartridge 1002 (e.g., the type of fluid: soap, lotion, sanitizer, etc.).In certain implementations, the cartridge 1002 can indicate one or morecharacteristics of the contents of the cartridge 1002, such as the brandof the fluid, the viscosity of the fluid, the moisture content of thefluid, the volume of the fluid contained, and/or battery capacity (e.g.,beginning and/or real-time voltage or current of the power source). Forexample, in some embodiments, the cartridge 1002 can indicate that itcontains about 100 milliliters of liquid hand soap and a power sourcewith about 15 watts of power (e.g., about 1.5 volts and about 10 amps).In some implementations, the cartridge 1002 can indicate to the pumpunit 1001 whether the cartridge 1002 is for home, commercial, orindustrial use. The soap pump 1001 can be configured with a display forshowing the user one or more characteristics of the fluid or the soappump 1001 can be configured to obtain the information for internalprocessing without displaying the information to a user.

In certain variants, the pump unit 1001 and/or the cartridge 1002 canhave an engagement indication element (not shown), such as an internalindicator in electrical communication with a processor in the pump 1001or an external indicator, such as a speaker, a colored window, amoveable indicating component, a light, etc. The engagement indicationelement can be configured to signify that the pump unit 1001 and thecartridge 1002 have been properly engaged. Some variants of theengagement indication element can be configured to indicate that dataregarding the cartridge 1002 has been received by the pump unit 1001.

Some embodiments of the pump unit 1001 can be configured to detect thecartridge 1002. For example, the pump unit 1001 can include a sensingelement (not shown) that is configured to detect the cartridge 1002 whenthe cartridge 1002 and the pump unit 1001 are engaged. In someembodiments, the sensing element can be configured to detect one or moredetection characteristics such as: a magnetic field, capacitance,resistance, a particular electrical voltage or current or a particularrange or pattern of voltages or currents, conductivity, pressure,vibration, sound, light, or otherwise. For example, the sensing elementcan be configured to detect the strength presence and/or strength of amagnetic field emanating from the cartridge 1002. In certain variants,the sensing element can be configured to detect patterns of light, ordisruptions thereof, when the cartridge 1002 is engaged with the pump1001. In certain variants, the pump 1001 can be configured to receive anindication of a feature of the cartridge 1002 and to change acharacteristic (e.g., output) of the configuration and/or performance ofthe pump unit 1001 based at least in part on that indication.

In certain implementations, the sensing element can be configured todetect the engagement of the pump unit 1001 with one or more mechanicalor electrical indication members of the cartridge 1002. For example, insome embodiments, the combination of the pump unit 1001 and thecartridge 1002 comprises an engagement system, such as one or morereceiving members, such as recesses, slots, or otherwise, on one of thepump unit 1001 or cartridge 1002 that are configured to engage with aseries of projection members, such as clips, pins, ribs, or otherwise,on the other of the pump unit 1001 or cartridge 1002.

In some embodiments, the sensing element can comprise a mechanicalconfiguration or array to provide an indication of one or morecharacteristics of the cartridge 1002. In some implementations, thenumber, type, position, shape, arrangement, orientation, and/or othercharacteristics of the mechanical configuration or array (e.g.,projection members) can be used to discern one or more characteristicsof the cartridge 1002 and/or the contents thereof. For example, withreference to the embodiments of FIGS. 56A-56C, the sensing elementcomprises a plurality of slots, such as three slots, A, B, and C, andthe cartridge 1002 comprises a plurality of pins, such as two pins X, Yconfigured to engage two of the slots. As shown in FIG. 56A, a firstcharacteristic of the cartridge 1002 and/or the contents thereof can bediscerned when the pins X, Y engage slots A and B. As illustrated inFIG. 56B, a second characteristic of the cartridge 1002 and/or thecontents thereof can be discerned when the pins X, Y engage slots B andC. As shown in FIG. 56C, a third characteristic of the cartridge 1002and/or the contents thereof can be discerned when the pins X, Y engageslots A and C.

In some embodiments, the cartridge 1002 comprises electrical contactsthat can engage with corresponding electrical contacts of the sensingelement of the pump unit 1001, thereby allowing for one or morecharacteristics of the cartridge 1002 to be determined based on which ofthe corresponding electrical contacts are engaged. In some embodiments,the sensing element can comprise electronic circuitry configured toproduce one or more electronic signals, such as a specific resistancevalue in the cartridge or a specific voltage or current output(including a range of outputs) generated by a power source in thecartridge, that can be sensed by the pump unit 1001 upon engagementtherewith to determine one or more characteristics of the cartridge1002. For example, a first electronic characteristic, such as a firstresistance value or voltage or current value (e.g., 100 ohms, 1 volt, or5 amps), can indicate a first characteristic (e.g., the cartridgecontains soap), and a second electronic characteristic, such as a secondresistance value or voltage or current value (e.g., 300 ohms, 5 volts,or 10 amps), can indicate a second characteristic (e.g., the cartridgecontains a hand sanitizer), etc. There can be any number of electronicsignals correlated to different cartridge characteristics (e.g., atleast 2, at least 3, etc.).

In some embodiments, the pump unit 1001 contains memory, such asfirmware. The memory can contain subroutines for performing any of theprocesses or steps disclosed herein and/or data, such as across-reference, that can be used to determine what the variouscartridge 1002 indications represent in terms of the characteristics ofthe contents of the cartridge 1002 (e.g., fluid type, volume, powersource voltage, and otherwise). For example, in the embodiments of FIGS.56A-56C, when pins X, Y are found to engage slots A and B, the memorycould be accessed to determine that such a configuration indicates thatthe cartridge contains a predetermine quantity of liquid hand soap; whenpins X, Y are found to engage slots B and C, the memory could beaccessed to determine that such a configuration indicates that thecartridge contains a different predetermined quantity of liquid handsoap; and when pins X, Y are found to engage slots A and C, the memorycould be accessed to determine that such a configuration indicates thatthe cartridge contains a predetermined quantity of lotion.

In some embodiments, one or more of the output characteristics of thepump unit 1001 can be adjusted based on, in whole or in part, theindication from the cartridge 1002 to the pump unit 1001. For example,the dispensation volume, dispensation period, motor duty cycle, pumpingpressure, operational voltage, and/or other characteristics can beadjusted based on the indication of the cartridge 1002 to the pump unit1001 regarding one or more characteristics of the contents of thecartridge 1002. For example, in some implementations, if the cartridge1002 is determined to contain a first type of fluid (e.g., liquid soap),then the pump unit 1001 can be automatically adjusted to dispense afirst volume (e.g., about 1.0 milliliter) of the first fluid when thepump unit 1001 is activated. In some variants, if the cartridge 1002 isdetermined to contain a second fluid that is different from the firstfluid (e.g., lotion), then the pump unit 1001 can be adjusted todispense a second volume that is different from the first volume (e.g.,2.0 milliliters) of the second fluid when the pump unit 1001 isactivated. In some embodiments, the output characteristic adjustmentscan be contained in the memory of the pump unit 1001. For example, whenthe memory is accessed to determine the contents of the cartridge 1002,the memory can be accessed to determine what adjustments to the pumpunit 1001 should be made for such contents. In some embodiments, amanual adjustment of a characteristic (such as liquid dispensing volumecontrol) is not required when an automatic adjustment of thatcharacteristic is performed.

In certain embodiments, the output characteristics of the pump unit 1001can be adjusted based on the viscosity of the fluid contained in thecartridge 1002. For example, in some variants, the pumping pressureand/or amount of power applied to the motor can be changed as a functionof the viscosity of the fluid contained in the cartridge 1002. Forexample, when the pump unit 1001 determines that the cartridge 1002contains a first fluid (e.g., a liquid soap) with a first viscosity, thepump unit can adjust the motor's duty cycle to a first setting (e.g.,60%), and when the pump unit 1001 determines that a second cartridge1002 contains a second fluid (e.g., a second type of liquid soap) with asecond viscosity (e.g., different than the first viscosity), the pumpunit can adjust the motor's duty cycle to a second setting that isdifferent from the first setting (e.g., 80%). In certain variants, thepump unit can be programmed to increase the volume of fluid dispensed orto dispense liquid for a longer period of time, such as by increasingthe number of duty cycles of the motor.

In some embodiments, the pump unit 1001 and/or the cartridge 1002 can beconfigured such that the power source (e.g., one or more batteries) andthe fluid contents are exhausted at about the same time. Thus, thecartridge 1002 can be discarded with little or no unused fluid and/orpower reserve. Such a configuration can, for example, promote efficiencyby reducing the amount of fluid and/or power reserve that is unused yetdiscarded.

In certain implementations, the amount of fluid in the cartridge 1002 isdescribed as a “fluid rating,” which is a percentage of the initialfluid level remaining in the cartridge. In some variants, the amount ofpower in the cartridge 1002 is described as a “power rating,” which is apercentage of the initial amount of power remaining in the power source.Generally, the cartridge 1002 initially includes a 100% fluid rating anda 100% power rating. In some embodiments, after half of the fluid andhalf of the power have been expended, the cartridge 1002 has a 50% fluidrating and a 50% power rating. In certain implementations, the cartridge1002 can be configured such that the fluid rating and the power ratingdecrease approximately in unison. In some embodiments, the cartridge1002 can be configured such that the fluid rating and the power ratingare proportionally related. In some embodiments, the fluid rating andthe power rating each decrease in a generally linear manner.

Certain variants have a fluid rating and power rating that decrease atdifferent rates. Such a configuration can be beneficial, for example, inembodiments in which the amount of power needed to expel an amount offluid increases as the fluid rating decreases (e.g., to overcome headpressure, gravity, friction, or otherwise). In some embodiments, thecartridge 1002 can be configured such that the fluid rating reachesapproximately 0% before the power rating reaches approximately 0%,thereby providing a small reserve of power for expelling the last of thefluid. In certain implementations, the fluid rating decreases in agenerally linear manner and the power rating decreases in a generallyexponential manner. In some variants, the fluid rating and the powerrating each decrease in generally linearly, but with different slopes.

In some embodiments, the pump unit 1001 can be programmed with differentsettings for the same cartridge contents. For example, the dispenser mayinclude one or more sensing regions similar or identical to the sensingregions discussed in reference to FIGS. 33-36. If a signal is detectedin a sensing region, the sensor can trigger the dispenser to perform aspecific operation based on the particular signal. For example, thespecific operation may vary based on the distance between a hand H andthe sensor, and/or other parameters such as angle, duration, repetition,path of motion, and/or speed of motion. The different settings can beactivated using different input or selector devices, such as buttons,knobs, or other devices. The settings triggered by the sensor or inputdevice can change depending on the type of cartridge 1002 connected tothe pump 1001.

The dispenser can include one or more indicators configured to issue avisual, audible, or other type of indication to a user of the dispenser.For example, the dispenser may indicate the type (e.g., soap or lotion)of dispensing fluid contained in the cartridge 1002, the actual orestimated volume of dispensing fluid remaining in the cartridge 1002, orotherwise. Certain embodiments are configured to indicate the actual orestimated power source voltage, remaining capacity, life expectancy(e.g., in terms of time or number of dispensations), or otherwise.

In some embodiments, the soap dispenser can include a controller (e.g.,a processor) configured to implement one or more algorithms. Thealgorithms can be configured to send commands to control one or moreaspects of the liquid dispenser, such as one or more commands todispense the fluid from the cartridge 1002 according to the discernedcharacteristics of the cartridge 1002. An example of such an algorithmis illustrated in FIG. 57. Beginning at start block 1302, in operationblock 1304, the module 1300 initializes hardware and variables. Thealgorithm can then proceed to decision block 1306, in which the module1300 determines whether a cartridge 1002 is connected to the pump unit1001. Next, in decision block 1308, the module 1300 can determinewhether the sensing element of the pump unit has determined that thecartridge 1002 contains a first feature (e.g., a particular type ofliquid soap) L1. If L1 is detected, then, in operation block 1310, themodule 1300 can initiate output characteristics pre-programmed forfeature L1. For example, the pump unit 1001 can set the soapdispensation time and/or volume of to a level appropriate for L1. Theadjusted output characteristics may include any combination of outputcharacteristics described above. The algorithm can then return to block1306 to repeat the logic loop. If L1 is not detected, then the algorithmcan proceed to decision block 1312, in which the module 1300 candetermine whether the cartridge 1002 contains a second feature L2 (e.g.,a different type of liquid than L1, such as lotion or hand sanitizer).If L2 is detected, then, in operation block 1314, the module 1300 caninitiate output characteristics pre-programmed for liquid L2. Forexample, the pump unit 1001 can set the liquid dispensation time and/orvolume to a level appropriate for L2. As shown, the algorithm can thenreturn to block 1306 to repeat the logic loop. Module 1300 does not needto include all of the blocks described above, or it may include more ordifferent blocks to account for additional and/or different features(e.g., fluid viscosity, fluid volume, power supply type and/or voltage,cartridge life expectancy and/or expiration, or otherwise).

Although the soap dispenser has been disclosed in the context of certainembodiments and examples, it will be understood by those skilled in theart that the soap dispenser extends beyond the specifically disclosedembodiments to other alternative embodiments and/or uses of theembodiments and certain modifications and equivalents thereof. Forexample, some embodiments can be configured to use a fluid other thansoap, e.g., hand sanitizer, shampoo, hair conditioner, skin moisturizeror other lotions, toothpaste, or other fluids. It should be understoodthat various features and aspects of the disclosed embodiments can becombined with or substituted for one another in order to form varyingmodes of the soap dispenser. Accordingly, it is intended that the scopeof the soap dispenser herein-disclosed should not be limited by theparticular disclosed embodiments described above, but should bedetermined only by a fair reading of the claims that follow.

1. (canceled)
 2. A liquid dispenser comprising: a reservoir configuredto hold a liquid; a housing connected to the reservoir, the housingcomprising: a lower portion comprising a base; an upper portioncomprising a protruding arm positioned above the base, and adispensation outlet; a pump; a motor configured to drive the pump; and asensor configured to detect an object in a sensing area that is abovethe protruding arm; the liquid dispenser configured to dispense theliquid to a region below the dispensation outlet in response to thesensor detecting the object in the sensing area.
 3. The liquid dispenserof claim 2, wherein the sensor is positioned on a surface that isgenerally transverse to a longitudinal axis of the liquid dispenser. 4.The liquid dispenser of claim 2, wherein the sensing area is not in thepath of dispensed liquid.
 5. The liquid dispenser of claim 2, whereinthe reservoir is configured to removably engage with a top of thehousing.
 6. The liquid dispenser of claim 5, wherein the reservoircomprises a seal that is configured to open when the reservoir isengaged with the housing.
 7. The liquid dispenser of claim 2, whereinthe housing is positioned below the reservoir.
 8. The liquid dispenserof claim 2, wherein a top surface of the reservoir is positioned above atop surface of the protruding arm.
 9. The liquid dispenser of claim 2,wherein the lower portion comprises a battery.
 10. The liquid dispenserof claim 2, wherein the liquid comprises soap.
 11. The liquid dispenserof claim 2, further comprising the liquid.
 12. The liquid dispenser ofclaim 2, further comprising a lock that is configured to engage thereservoir and housing.
 13. A liquid dispenser comprising: a reservoirconfigured to hold a liquid; a pump unit positioned below the reservoir,the pump unit comprising: a protruding arm comprising a free end thatincludes a dispensation outlet; a pump; a motor configured to drive thepump; and a sensor configured to detect an object in a sensing area; theliquid dispenser configured to dispense the liquid to a region below thedispensation outlet in response to the sensor detecting the object inthe sensing area.
 14. The liquid dispenser of claim 13, wherein thereservoir is removably attached to the pump unit.
 15. The liquiddispenser of claim 14, wherein the reservoir comprises a seal that isconfigured to open when the reservoir is attached to the housing. 16.The liquid dispenser of claim 13, wherein the reservoir comprises anupper end and a lower end and the pump unit comprises a top end and abottom end, wherein the lower end of the reservoir is configured tomatingly engage with the top end of the pump unit.
 17. The liquiddispenser of claim 13, wherein the protruding arm extends in a directiongenerally perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the liquid dispenser.18. The liquid dispenser of claim 13, wherein the sensing area is abovean upper portion of the pump unit.
 19. The liquid dispenser of claim 13,wherein the sensing area is not in the path of dispensed liquid.
 20. Theliquid dispenser of claim 13, wherein the sensor is positioned on theprotruding arm.
 21. The liquid dispenser of claim 13, wherein the sensoris positioned on the free end.
 22. The liquid dispenser of claim 13,wherein the sensor is positioned such that the sensor is configured todetect the object when the object is positioned under the dispensationoutlet.
 23. The liquid dispenser of claim 13, further comprising a lockthat is configured to engage